chem exam 2-3 Flashcards
1-4 alkanes are___at room temp
gas
5-15 alkanes are___at room temp
liquid
esterification is where..(face the equation ester)
you rewrite to make the OH and the H face each other to form H2O
amide hydrolysis (amide switching back to hydro)
back to carboxylic acid and amine
if you use acid (H+) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called
acid hydrolysis - it makes ammonium ion (you don’t understand this)
if you use basic solution (OH-) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called (just the name)
base hydrolysis
if you do carboxylic acid hydrolysis in basic solution, the result will be…(the hydro box with acid is chocolate)
a carboxylate ion
if you do hydrolysis of amide in an acidic solution, the result will be…(acid changes you)
an ammonium ion - NH3 because you get one H from the H2O and the other H from the acidic catalyst - you add 2 Hs.
when naming amines if there are differences on both sides of the N
name the longest one the parent and add amine. the other is the substituent - BUT use the akyl name for the parent as well if it’s common. IUPAC longest chain is parent and called propanamine
amines are basic or acidic?
weakly basic
strongest to weakest bases - amines
Nonaromatic Amines > Ammonia > Aromatic Amines
trick - if the H is bonded directly to the O
it can hydrogen bond w/ itself
when naming amines, if there is an OH and an NH2…
the OH has priority and it becomes an oxygen. The NH2 is the branch and called amino.
if an amide is written in condensed form, it must have…(amide is a CON)
a C, O, and N somewhere next to each other
ester and amide formation
the OH on carboxylic acid is replaced by OR group of alcohol. In amide the OH from carboxylic acid is replaced by NR from amine. Both produce bi-product of H2O
in amidation, you’re only taking the..(amadeus only needs the N-oise)
N and the rest of the chain and joining it with the carboxylic acid. The other H from the N and the OH from the box join to form + H2O
what undergoes hydrolysis?
ester and amides. Esters become alcohol and amides become amines
tertiery amines can’t form…
amides (amidation) because they don’t have an H. They form ammonium salts instead
if heat is the catalyst or involved, it’s…
amidation
ester hydrolysis is caused by both…
acids and bases
ester hydrolysis with an acid…(H2SO4) (ester on acid takes acid and alcohol)
is the reverse of esterification. Product is acid and alcohol