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XIO > chem exam 2-3 > Flashcards

chem exam 2-3 Flashcards

1
Q

1-4 alkanes are___at room temp

A

gas

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2
Q

5-15 alkanes are___at room temp

A

liquid

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3
Q

esterification is where..(face the equation ester)

A

you rewrite to make the OH and the H face each other to form H2O

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4
Q

amide hydrolysis (amide switching back to hydro)

A

back to carboxylic acid and amine

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5
Q

if you use acid (H+) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called

A

acid hydrolysis - it makes ammonium ion (you don’t understand this)

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6
Q

if you use basic solution (OH-) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called (just the name)

A

base hydrolysis

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7
Q

if you do carboxylic acid hydrolysis in basic solution, the result will be…(the hydro box with acid is chocolate)

A

a carboxylate ion

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8
Q

if you do hydrolysis of amide in an acidic solution, the result will be…(acid changes you)

A

an ammonium ion - NH3 because you get one H from the H2O and the other H from the acidic catalyst - you add 2 Hs.

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9
Q

when naming amines if there are differences on both sides of the N

A

name the longest one the parent and add amine. the other is the substituent - BUT use the akyl name for the parent as well if it’s common. IUPAC longest chain is parent and called propanamine

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10
Q

amines are basic or acidic?

A

weakly basic

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11
Q

strongest to weakest bases - amines

A

Nonaromatic Amines > Ammonia > Aromatic Amines

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12
Q

trick - if the H is bonded directly to the O

A

it can hydrogen bond w/ itself

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13
Q

when naming amines, if there is an OH and an NH2…

A

the OH has priority and it becomes an oxygen. The NH2 is the branch and called amino.

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14
Q

if an amide is written in condensed form, it must have…(amide is a CON)

A

a C, O, and N somewhere next to each other

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15
Q

ester and amide formation

A

the OH on carboxylic acid is replaced by OR group of alcohol. In amide the OH from carboxylic acid is replaced by NR from amine. Both produce bi-product of H2O

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16
Q

in amidation, you’re only taking the..(amadeus only needs the N-oise)

A

N and the rest of the chain and joining it with the carboxylic acid. The other H from the N and the OH from the box join to form + H2O

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17
Q

what undergoes hydrolysis?

A

ester and amides. Esters become alcohol and amides become amines

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18
Q

tertiery amines can’t form…

A

amides (amidation) because they don’t have an H. They form ammonium salts instead

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19
Q

if heat is the catalyst or involved, it’s…

A

amidation

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20
Q

ester hydrolysis is caused by both…

A

acids and bases

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21
Q

ester hydrolysis with an acid…(H2SO4) (ester on acid takes acid and alcohol)

A

is the reverse of esterification. Product is acid and alcohol

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22
Q

ester hydrolysis with a base (KOH or NaOH)…(ester is basically a sap)

A

is saponification. The product is a carboxylate anion.

23
Q

remember, ester has…(O bonds)

A

a double O bond and a single O bond

24
Q

the product of amide hydrolysis?

A

carboxylic acid and amine

25
Q

if you have a carboxylic acid attached to a benzene with NH2 or something, name it…

A

don’t name it analine, name it aminobenzoic acid

26
Q

esters attached to cyclical or benzene will look like this…

A

O
||
CO - (the other C is here but you won’t see it) (this is the benzene)

27
Q

ester naming will ALWAYS

A

be split in 2, unless it’s at the end

28
Q

COOC

A

ester - might be written this way

29
Q

COC

A

ketones can literally be written like this - you tell the difference between this an ether by looking at the surrounding carbons. If they are CH2, then you know it’s an ether because it’s a single bond.

30
Q

trick - if molecule has H bonded to N or O it can…(HON can hydrogen bond with itself)

A

hydrogen bond w/ itself (remember aldehydes have CHO, but the O is bonded to the C, not the H)

31
Q

ketones and aldehydes only soluble up to…

A

3 carbons. 4 is not soluble

32
Q

when will a ketone give a positive benedict’s test?

A

if there is an OH next to the carbonyl group

33
Q

reduction of ketones and aldehydes w/ reducing agent and H3O

A

the reducing agent adds one H to the free C (which you might not see) and the H3O adds one H to the O. The biproduct is + H2O

34
Q

common naming of ketones

A

it’s just alphabetical - ie methyl propyl ketone

35
Q

aldehyde on benzene will look like this…

A

O
||
benzene - / \ H

36
Q

hemiketals and hemiacetals

A

formed when OH is added to aldehyde or ketone. When acid catalyst is added, they become ketals and acetals.

37
Q

how to tell the difference btwn hemiacetal and hemiketal and acetal and ketal

A

the hemis will have an OH group, the ketal and acetal will not

38
Q

naming amines (amine has parents, ketone doesn’t)

A

the longest chain is the parent, ie common- proplyamine - IUPAC - propanamine

39
Q

ketones don’t have parents, but..

A

amines do

40
Q

amine is basic or acidic (amine is soo basic)

A

basic

41
Q

when determining which amine has a stronger base…(little amine is the strongest on 1st base)

A

the smaller the amine the stronger the base - ie - methylamine is a stronger base than phenylamine

42
Q

amine are always named with…(amine’s name means branch)

A

branches, methyl, propyl amine.

43
Q

if you neutralize an amine with a strong acid, it forms..

A

an alkylammonium ion

44
Q

if you see something attached to NH2+, name it…

A

ammonium ion

45
Q

to rank the bp of amines…

A

the NH2 has the highest bp because it make the most hydrogen bonds, then go down from there

46
Q

oxidizing aldehyde turns it into a…(Ox ald, you’re a box)

A

carboxylic acid. You’re just adding one O to the H.

47
Q

reducing aldehydes and ketones (reduce the double bond ald)

A

the H makes the double bond single

48
Q

esterification (OH ester, take the H and move)

A

the OH on the carboxcylic acid is replaced by the H on an alcohol. The OH and H are moved aside to form H2O.

49
Q

amidation (the car and amine make amide)

A

the OH on the carboxcylic acid is replaced by the NR on an amine to make an amide

50
Q

hydrolysis does what?

A

reverses amidiation and esterification - it adds the Hs back

51
Q

if you have an ester that has an alkyl group on the side with the C=O, name it…

A

methyl 4-methylpentanoate. The alkyl stays with the parent chain, not in front of it.

52
Q

acetate looks like this (it’s an ester)

A

O
||
CH3CO

53
Q

esterification and amidation

A

you’re making H2O as a biproduct.

54
Q

hydrolysis ester and amide

A

you’re making OH as a biproduct

XIO (393 decks)

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