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XIO > chem test 1 > Flashcards

chem test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ester functional group

A

O=C

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2
Q

ether function group

A

C-O-C

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3
Q

aldehyde functional group

A

H or R-C=O. carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to any generic alkyl or side chain R group

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4
Q

Carboxylic Acid functional group

A

box the alcohol twice - OH-C=O

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5
Q

amide functional group

A

NH2=C

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6
Q

meso

A

just look for the one that is symmetrical mirror image

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7
Q

ether (either C Or C)

A

C-O-C

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8
Q

alcohol

A

OH group

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9
Q

phenols

A

OH attached to benzene

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10
Q

amine

A

NH2

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11
Q

aldehyde (chew the hyde)

A

R-CHO, O double bond (this whole thing is the functional group)

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12
Q

ketones

A

R-C-R = O

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13
Q

carboxylic acid (box oxy twice alc once)

A

R - C =O - OH

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14
Q

ester (ester is 2 and 1 ether)

A

C=O-O-C (1 single bond to O and 1 double bond to O)

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15
Q

amide

A

NH2 to C and double bond O

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16
Q

anhydrides (ana minag)

A

C=O-C=O

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17
Q

thiol (theo shy)

A

SH group

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18
Q

disulfide

A

R-S-S-R

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19
Q

sulfide

A

R-S-R

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20
Q

wedge

A

projecting towards the viewer

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21
Q

dashes

A

fading into the background

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22
Q

always called “iso”

A

one branch in the middle, ie - isopentane

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23
Q

secbutane

A

branch on 2nd carbon

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24
Q

iosbutane

A

looks like a cross

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25
Q

mercaptans (theo is a captain)

A

thiols

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26
Q

hydroxy group

A

OH

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27
Q

mercapto group (theo is captain)

A

SH

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28
Q

CH3-SH

A

methanethiol

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29
Q

in cyclic, does OH or SH have priority?

A

OH has priority over SH

30
Q

diol

A

2 OH groups

31
Q

when OH is a side chain, use…

A

hydroxyl

32
Q

properties of thiol (theo smell)

A

strong odor, onion, garlic, skunk. used to detect gas leaks

33
Q

do thiols or alcohol have a lower bp?

A

thiols

34
Q

D rotates polarized light to the…

A

right

35
Q

L rotates polarized light to the…

A

left

36
Q

phenol

A

OH group bonded directly to aromatic

37
Q

when finding the longest chain w/ an OH group, REMEMBER

A

the chain has to include the OH group (but it might look like less carbons, it’s ok)

38
Q

alcohols with large alkane parts (like heptanol) are less…

A

soluble in water

39
Q

alcohols with smaller alkane parts, like methanol, are more…

A

soluble in water because the hydrophobic part is small.

40
Q

Diols and triols are more…

A

water soluble and have higher BP because they can form more hydrogen bonds

41
Q

Which is more water soluble? alcohol with 1 OH group or 2 OH groups?

A

alcohol w/ 2 OH groups, diols.

42
Q

molecules with carbon to oxygen ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 are soluble in water, ie…

A

methanol, ethanol and propanol

43
Q

carbon to oxygen ratio of 5:1 and greater are..

A

insoluble. Those with 4:1 are slightly soluble

44
Q

the more OHs, the higher the…

A

boiling point

45
Q

aliphatic

A

not rings, open structures

46
Q

aryl (Ar group)

A

has an aromatic ring attached

47
Q

ethylene glycol (ethyl vape)

A

2 CH2 and 2 OHs

48
Q

gylcerol or glycerin (gylcerine)

A

3 CHs and 3 OHs

49
Q

methyl, ethyl and propyl alcohol are all highly___in water

A

soluble

50
Q

alkenol

A

just the name for alcohols - like alkanes, etc.

51
Q

naming of cyclic w/ OH group

A

cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, etc.

52
Q

in cyclos w/ more substiuents (other than OH) you don’t need to…

A

add the 1 when naming, it’s always 1, so it’s understood. ie - 2-methyl-cyclopentanol

53
Q

with cyclos that have an OH and a double bond (or triple) name it…

A

2-cyclohexenol - 2 marking where the double bond is

54
Q

4-methyl-2-hept-2-enol

A

naming for line structures with OH group and double bond

55
Q

1-pent-2-enol

A

1 is the OH group, and 2 is the double bond

56
Q

diols - when 2 OH groups are on adjacent carbons, we call them…

A

glycols

57
Q

when numbering diols, go the way that is…

A

lower for both OH groups

58
Q

when naming diols…

A

use the whole alkane name, ie 1,3-butanediol (1 and 3 are the OH groups)

59
Q

HO-CH2-CH2-OH (dial 2 alchys)

A

1,2 ethanediol or can call it ethylene glycol

60
Q

when alcohol loses a water molecule, it becomes an

A

alkene - the OH leaves, and that bond folds down making a double bond - ie, alkene

61
Q

when we add water to alkene, it becomes an

A

alcohol

62
Q

zaitsev’s rule or saytezeff’s rule w/ dehydration

A

THIS is only used when dehydrating alcohols - more branched alkene is favored - highlight the 2 carbons attached to the double bond, and chose the one that has more branches. that’s primary.

63
Q

zaitsev’s rule or saytezeff’s rule w/ dehydration

A

more branched alkene is favored - highlight the 2 carbons attached to the double bond, and chose the one that has more branches. that’s the major.

64
Q

H+ is the shortened version of

A

sulfuric acid

65
Q

oxidation only happens with..

A

primary and secondary alcohol. NOT tertiary alcohol

66
Q

reaction with {O} is…

A

oxidation

67
Q

oxidation of alcohol produces either..

A

aldehyde or ketone

68
Q

in oxidation, you are removing how many Hs?

A

2 hydrogens

69
Q

can’t do oxidation w/ what type of carbon?

A

tertiary - because there is no free H to remove

70
Q

primary alcohol are oxidized to become..

A

aldahyde, and that becomes carboxylic acid

71
Q

secondary alcohol can get oxidized to become..

A

ketones, then no reactions after that.

72
Q

tertiary alcohol oxidized to..

A

nothing, NR

XIO (372 decks)

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