Traffic - week 11

Question 1

blood (weight)

Answer 1

8% of body weight, 5-5.5 liters -

Question 2

plasma (the plaza)

Answer 2

90% water

- contains proteins, ions, buffers, respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones

Question 3

proteins are functionally important to…(and types) (floating in kitchen sink)

Answer 3

1. establish osmotic pressure (holds water)
2. 3 types
   albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 4

Erythrocytes (door - ear)

Answer 4

contain hemoglobin
1. carries most of O2 (4 O2/molecule) 2. carries some CO2
3. helps buffer blood, no nucleus or organelles.
contains glycolytic enzymes for making ATP
contain carbonic anhydrase, which converts CO2 to its transported form (HCO3-, bicarbonate)

Question 5

erythropoiesis (production of RBCs) (dog-life span) (SLVRS)

Answer 5

SLVRS

RBCs live about 120 days and most old,fragile cells die in spleen capillaries
2. occurs in red bone marrow (in adults-sternum, vertebrae, ends of long bones, ribs, base of skull)

Question 6

in red bone marrow (erythropoiesis) (ear - corner)

Answer 6

a. contains undifferentiated cells that give rise to all blood cells (pluripotent stem cells)
b. controlled by hormone erythropoietin
(1) released by kidneys in response to decreased O2 (2) restoring normal O2 levels is negative feedback
c. maturing cells eject nucleus/organelles
d. process takes days to weeks depending on how many cells needed

Question 7

Leukocytes (WBCs) (luke couch)

Answer 7

body defense

• originally made in red marrow in response to stimulating factors
  1. found in blood and in tissues

Question 8

Platelets (corner)

Answer 8

cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes in red marrow

1. live about 10days
2. produced in response to the hormone thrombopoietin (control unknown)
3. can be stored in spleen (as are RBCs) 4. no nucleus, but do have organelles

Question 9

hemostasis (stopping blood flow) (hem)

Answer 9

vascular spasm

a. blood flow through a break minimized by vasoconstriction (vascular response and sympathetically induced)

Question 10

formation of platelet plug seals break (hemostasis) (tub)

Answer 10

platelets stick, release thromboxane and ADP, endo releases prostacyclin to stop gathering, actin-myosin strengthen, plug releases vasoconstrictors (SET)

platelets stick to exposed collagen of damaged connective tissue

(1) platelets release ADP and thromboxane A2 that cause more platelets to become “sticky”
(2) normal endothelium releases prostacyclin which stops platelet gathering (plug does not spread beyond damaged area)
b. actin-myosin in platelets contracts and strengthens plug
c. plug releases vasoconstrictors (serotonin, epinephrine, thromboxane A2)

Question 11

blood clotting needed to plug larger holes (trench coat)

Answer 11

clotting initiated by exposure of plasma before damaged vessel (1) series of reactions resulting in clotting

Question 12

long term healing begins (blood clotting)

Answer 12

as fibroblasts from connective tissue form a scar

a. as healing occurs plasmin dissolves clot

Question 13

blood is made of…(matrix)

Answer 13

connective tissue

1. formed elements
2. matrix is plasma

Question 14

the formed elements are…(PLE)

Answer 14

PEL

a. erythrocytes (RBCs) b. leukocytes (WBCs) c. platelets

Question 15

albumins (evie)

Answer 15

bind substances for transport

Question 16

globulins (glob couch)

Answer 16

bind substances for transport, blood clotting, inactive precursors, antibodies

Question 17

fibrinogen (fiber blanket)

Answer 17

blood clotting

Question 18

actions that result in clotting (desk)

Answer 18

thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which
forms meshwork that traps RBCs. It also activates factor XIII which stabilizes meshwork
b. clot withdrawal
(1) platelets contract and squeeze serum from clot