pharm quiz 3 Flashcards
Cellulitis - how far does it go?
The patient’s lower leg is erythematous, warm and appears infected from the deep dermis to the subcutaneous fat. There does not appear to be any sort of fluid collection.
This might be Cellulitis
a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch.
Isotretinoin
There have been case reports of suicide and suicide attempts in patients receiving isotretinoin. Patients should be educated to report immediately any signs of depression to their prescribers. Follow-up treatment may be needed, and simply stopping the drug may be insufficient
Atopic Dermatitis - What is the most common symptom?
itchy, inflamed skin
The skin of a person with atopic dermatitis (AD) is more susceptible to (3 things)
warts, herpes simplex, skin infections.
For a person with normal skin, the outer part acts as a barrier, protecting the inner layer from damage. The skin of a person with atopic dermatitis
loses too much moisture. This reduces its protective abilities. It is more vulnerable to certain infections.
People with eczema are more likely to have a (think vaccine)
severe and possibly life-threatening reaction to smallpox vaccination.
Those with eczema also can develop
eczema herpeticum, a herpes infection in the skin that can be life-threatening
Skin infections that seem to have stopped for a while and comes back are most likely
fungal infection.
head lice treatment (perm your hair lice)
Permethrin® 1% lotion: for pediculosis capitis (head lice) treatment
Collagenase (Santyl®) (collagen breaks down and builds up)
This product is used to help the healing of burns and skin ulcers. Collagenase is an enzyme. It works by helping to break up and remove dead skin and tissue. This effect may also help antibiotics to work better and speed up the body’s natural healing process.
mupirocin (Bactroban) can be used for (mucus is honey)
bacterial skin infection with honey colored crusted patches, weeping slightly.
mupirocin (Bactroban): positive results for (mucus is mrsa)
nasal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
povidone-iodine (Betadine®), contraindicated in patients with
shellfish allergy
how to apply Silvadene
A thin layer of medication should be applied with a sterile, gloved hand to clean and debrided wounds.
Alzheimer
Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques found in the brain of one with Alzheimer
Donepezil (Aricept®)
Not curative, May help to improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
Atropine may be used as an
antidote for Aricept® (don) overdosage
Taking a cholinergic drug for 5 days, feel crampy and queasy. Skin appears flushed. Might be signs of a
Cholinergic Crisis: BP: 134/76 (lying down) 100/70 (standing) Pulse: 80 (lying down) 110 (standing)
BP down, pulse up
side effect of anticholinergic therapy. (atchoo - light)
Photophobia is a possible side effect
Slowing of processes necessary for information retrieval is a
normal consequence of aging. However, the global statement that memory loss occurs as part of natural aging is not true.
dementia care
A stimulating environment is a source of confusion and anxiety for a client with a moderate level of impairment and, therefore, would not be included in the plan of care. Regular routine, structured schedule, positive reinforcement
New diagnose of memory loss patient:
Discontinuation of any chronic opioid medications, serum blood work for vitamin levels and psychiatric evaluation for feelings of depression and anxiety.
The addition of carbidopa allows (carbs don’t break down dopa)
more of the levodopa to reach the site
of action without being broken down; thus, lower doses of levodopa are needed,
and the combination is more efficient in increasing the dopamine level in the
brain. Exogenously administered dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
Long term dopaminergic therapy (for parkinson’s): “On-off” syndrome refers to a - how long after using? (dopes turn off)
complication after prolonged levodopa therapy (2 years or more). During therapy the patient fluctuates from being symptom free (on) to demonstrating full-blown parkinsonian symptoms (off). These effects may last from minutes to hours
Experience shortening of effectivity over time with
levadopa can occur
Levodopa is converted to
dopamine, which is the neurotransmitter that has deficient amounts in parkinsons
levodopa side effect (dopa don’t fall)
Although a reduced falls rate may occur, it is an unintended benefit
of drug therapy
Amantadine (Symmetrel®) is prescribed for (Amanta at the park)
a patient with Parkinson’s disease and used as an antiviral agent for Influenza A
cheese effect (Selene is MIA) - but what does it do to the body?
selegiline: cheese effect causes severe hypertension. At doses that exceed 10 mg per day, selegiline becomes a nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), contributing to the development of the cheese effect, so called because it interacts with tyramine-containing foods (cheese, red wine, beer, and yogurt).
chemical that is in excess in clients with Parkinson’s disease (Fox is not an Ace)
Acetylcholine is the chemical that is in excess amounts in clients with Parkinson’s disease, owing to low dopamine
Dystonia (grimace like a stone)
Facial spasm / grimace
Tardive dyskinesia (tara lip smack)
Lip smacking and tongue protrusion
Akinesia
Absence of psychomotor activity
Anticholinergics, such as benztropine (Cogentin), are used to (benzos slow me down)
decrease the EPS effects associated with antipsychotic medications
Anticholinergics, such as benztropine (Cogentin), are used to (psychos need benzos)
decrease the EPS effects associated with antipsychotic medications
Antidepressants may take how long to start working?
Antidepressants may take 4 to 6 weeks to start working
Phenothiazines produce (no pee on phen phen)
anticholinergic-like adverse effects of dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, and constipation
Serotonin Syndrome Symptoms includes (stiff seratonin gives me diarrhea)
high body temperature, agitation, muscle rigidity, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils, and diarrhea.
antipsychotic drugs - how long to start working?
Emotional instability, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, garbled speech, and
inability to cope should begin to decrease once the patient has been taking the
medication for several weeks.
Phenothiazine drugs (antipsychotic) (need a holiday from phen phen) BECAUSE IT CAN CAUSE WHAT
Drug-free holidays are recommended to attempt to prevent EPS outcomes which tardive dyskinesia in patients who are taking phenothiazines is possible
MAOIs need to avoid
Aged cheeses such a cheddar cheese contain tyramine. Patients who are
taking MAOIs need to avoid tyramine-containing foods because of a severe
hypertensive reaction that may occur.
Symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (Hal is a malignant fever)
Haldol therapy for example, usually include very high fever (102 to 104 degrees F), irregular pulse, accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia), increased rate of respiration (tachypnea), muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic nervous system dysfunction resulting in high or low blood pressure.
Bupropion is indicated for the treatment of
depression and as an adjunct to smoking cessation. It is also occasionally used in the management of
attention deficit hyperactive disorder
The antipsychotics fall into two broad categories (new clots and olans)
the earlier typical
agents, including chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and haloperidol, and the newer atypical agents including clozapine and olanzapine.
Aripiprazole represents (Pip is dope, can be pro or con)
a novel approach with dopaminergic agonist/antagonist activity
Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) -from what type of drug? (don’t be a dope at the pyramids)
commonly referred to as drug-induced movement disorders are among the most common adverse drug effects patients experience from dopamine-receptor blocking agents
adverse effects of silvadine (silver burns)
Adverse effects may include pain, burning, and itching
dopaminargeric on off causes (SAD off and on)
a decrease in the delivery of dopamine centrally, an alteration in sensitivity of the dopamine receptors, a variation in the amount and rate of drug absorption, interference with dopamine metabolites, or a combination of effects.
