sleep disorders

Question 1

non-REM - sleep stages

Answer 1

1-3

Question 2

stage 1

Answer 2

light sleep, muscle contractions

Question 3

Stage 2 (2 in the middle)

Answer 3

intermediate

Question 4

stage 3

Answer 4

deep sleep, delta waves. almost impossible to wake up, need to shake them. no eye movements. brain activity decreased, no muscle. this is important for our health.

Question 5

REM - how long is it?

Answer 5

active sleep, brainwave activity. VS go up. limbs temporarily paralyzed.
the whole cycle takes 90 -100 minutes, and we continusouly cycle through. this is called sleep architecture.

Question 6

Hypersomnolence

Answer 6

Hypersomnolence - too much sleep. sleeps more than 9-10 hours a day and still wakes up tired. health outcomes almost as bad as ppl who don’t get enough sleep.

Question 7

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHA) - during what stage of sleep?

Answer 7

airway tissue collapses. o2 levels drop. occurs during REM sleep. its happens more in later night or early morning.

Question 8

Central sleep apnea

Answer 8

person stops breathing bc brain is not telling lungs to breathe. more rare. in ppl with strokes, babies premature, and opioids.

Question 9

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder - treatment

Answer 9

use melatonin and bright light in morning
Shift work type

Question 10

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorders

Answer 10

Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors

Question 11

Nightmare Disorder - should you wake them up?

Answer 11

you can wake them up or let them sleep.

Question 12

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder - and who does it? and what makes it worse?

Answer 12

person acts out dreams, common in older men. SSRIs make it worse.

Question 13

Restless Leg Syndrome - what causes it? and what drug can cause it?

Answer 13

iron deficiency, anemia, more in women, SSRIs can cause it.

Question 14

Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

Answer 14

drinking at night to sleep. stimulants. medications.

Question 15

Insomnia Disorder

Answer 15

16% of population. stress. deep breathing. know meds***

Question 16

Pharmacologic

Answer 16

use no more than 30 days

Question 17

what stage are night terrors and sleep walking?

Answer 17

stage 3

Question 18

Narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency

Answer 18

sleep attacks that happen 2-6 times a day. they have short sleep latency, suddenly fall asleep. probably autoimmune.

Question 19

treatment for narcolepsy (pro narcolepsy)

Answer 19

drug to treat is called prodafinil - a stimulant. take short frequent naps during the day.

Question 20

circadian rhythm disorder - Advanced sleep phase type (advancing early)

Answer 20

sleep early and wake up early

Question 21

circadian rhythm disorder - delayed sleep phase type

Answer 21

fall asleep late and wake up late

Question 22

benzos (benzos restore the halo w/ klonopin)

Answer 22

Klonopin, Restoril, Halcion, etc.

Question 23

Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 23

Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Lunesta, Sonata, Ambien)

Question 24

Other soporifics (means causes sleepiness)

Answer 24

trazodone, melatonin, diphenhydramine (Benadryl), etc

Question 25

Psychostimulants for Narcolepsy (modify narcolepsy)

Answer 25

modafinil or methylphenidate (ritalin)

Question 26

non rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders (NREM) - when does it happen and what are the causes

Answer 26

(this is during deep sleep) genetic. higher levels of stress and sleep deprivation are related.

Question 27

sleep terrors - should you wake someone up?

Answer 27

• happen during deep sleep. so in the beginning of sleep. don’t wake them up.