sleep disorders Flashcards
non-REM - sleep stages
1-3
stage 1
light sleep, muscle contractions
Stage 2 (2 in the middle)
intermediate
stage 3
deep sleep, delta waves. almost impossible to wake up, need to shake them. no eye movements. brain activity decreased, no muscle. this is important for our health.
REM - how long is it?
active sleep, brainwave activity. VS go up. limbs temporarily paralyzed.
the whole cycle takes 90 -100 minutes, and we continusouly cycle through. this is called sleep architecture.
Hypersomnolence
Hypersomnolence - too much sleep. sleeps more than 9-10 hours a day and still wakes up tired. health outcomes almost as bad as ppl who don’t get enough sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHA) - during what stage of sleep?
airway tissue collapses. o2 levels drop. occurs during REM sleep. its happens more in later night or early morning.
Central sleep apnea
person stops breathing bc brain is not telling lungs to breathe. more rare. in ppl with strokes, babies premature, and opioids.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder - treatment
use melatonin and bright light in morning
Shift work type
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorders
Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors
Nightmare Disorder - should you wake them up?
you can wake them up or let them sleep.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder - and who does it? and what makes it worse?
person acts out dreams, common in older men. SSRIs make it worse.
Restless Leg Syndrome - what causes it? and what drug can cause it?
iron deficiency, anemia, more in women, SSRIs can cause it.
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder
drinking at night to sleep. stimulants. medications.
Insomnia Disorder
16% of population. stress. deep breathing. know meds***
Pharmacologic
use no more than 30 days
what stage are night terrors and sleep walking?
stage 3
Narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency
sleep attacks that happen 2-6 times a day. they have short sleep latency, suddenly fall asleep. probably autoimmune.
treatment for narcolepsy (pro narcolepsy)
drug to treat is called prodafinil - a stimulant. take short frequent naps during the day.
circadian rhythm disorder - Advanced sleep phase type (advancing early)
sleep early and wake up early
circadian rhythm disorder - delayed sleep phase type
fall asleep late and wake up late
benzos (benzos restore the halo w/ klonopin)
Klonopin, Restoril, Halcion, etc.
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Lunesta, Sonata, Ambien)
Other soporifics (means causes sleepiness)
trazodone, melatonin, diphenhydramine (Benadryl), etc
Psychostimulants for Narcolepsy (modify narcolepsy)
modafinil or methylphenidate (ritalin)
non rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders (NREM) - when does it happen and what are the causes
(this is during deep sleep) genetic. higher levels of stress and sleep deprivation are related.
sleep terrors - should you wake someone up?
- happen during deep sleep. so in the beginning of sleep. don’t wake them up.
