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XIO > Moment 14 > Flashcards

Moment 14 Flashcards

1
Q

graph that represents a proportional relationship - how to tell?

A

if it doesn’t pass through 0, it’s not proportional

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2
Q

formula for surface area of a cylinder

A

s = 2(pi)(r)2 + 2(pi)rh

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3
Q

range on a graph is just the difference between…

A

the highest and lowest number

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4
Q

plants being tested with water, bleach, and salt. What is the control variable?

A

water is the control bc it is the normal reference point. What everything else is being compared to.

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5
Q

control variable

A

water to bleach and salt

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6
Q

hematocrit

A

ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume

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7
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein in RBCs that contains iron, which oxygen binds to.

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8
Q

axilla

A

armpit

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9
Q

normal microflora

A

commensal organisms

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10
Q

what produces cytokines? (not T)

A

macrophages

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11
Q

mature T cells are activated into what types of cells? (T helps toxic memory)

A

helper T, cytotoxic (killer), and memory cells

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12
Q

helper T cells secrete..(T helps luke)

A

interlukin (chemical messengers)

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13
Q

critical role of T cells (Mr. T makes bees)

A

to activate B cells

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14
Q

B cells - mature where? (B cells grow in B marrow)

A

mature in bone marrow and make antibodies. B cells multiply into plasma cells.

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15
Q

immunoglobulins also called…

A

antibodies

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16
Q

humoral immunity

A

antibody-mediated immunity

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17
Q

reaction to bee sting

A

active immunity

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18
Q

location of osteocytes

A

collagen matrix

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19
Q

osteocytes maintain…(cyte supervisor)

A

bone, and their projections sense physical stress on bones

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20
Q

bone mineral reabsorption is done by…

A

osteoclasts. it removes calcium from bone so it can enter the bloodstream

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21
Q

deficits in plasma calcium causes…(lock jaw)

A

tetany, an involuntary and continuous contraction of muscle

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22
Q

blood clotting requires..

A

calcium

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23
Q

osteoblast secretions allow..

A

mineralisation in bones. The deposit is in the form of hydroxyapatite

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24
Q

produce a highly organized collagen matrix (makers)

A

osteoblasts

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25
Q

cell communication between lacunae occurs through..(can I call u?)

A

tunnels called canaliculi

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26
Q

volkmann’s canals

A

break in the haversian canal. Blood vessels are HERE!

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27
Q

has few osteons

A

spongy bone

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28
Q

bone marrow resides in…

A

spongy bone

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29
Q

group of concentric lamellae is called..

A

osteon. it’s the tree trunk

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30
Q

yellow bone marrow lies within…

A

the medullary cavity of long bone

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31
Q

periosteum

A

thin layer that covers bones and allows for attachment of ligaments and tendons

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32
Q

atlas

A

C1 - nodding yes

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33
Q

axis

A

C2 - shaking no

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34
Q

noncovalent bonds, like hydrogen, are..

A

weak

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35
Q

smallest molecules (smallest FANS are the best)

A

sugar, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides

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36
Q

3 classes of macromolecules (PPN is too classy for mac)

A

polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids

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37
Q

every single macromolecule is a..

A

polymer linked with subunits. subunits are monomers

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38
Q

type of bond that holds sugar together

A

covalent

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39
Q

forming a covalent bond in a macromolecule requires…

A

energy, that usually comes from ATP

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40
Q

dehydration reaction also called…

A

condensation reaction

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41
Q

dehydration occurs when…(ATP fights w/ water)

A

energy from ATP pushes away a water molecule from a sugar molecule. The water is removed.

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42
Q

built from dehydration process (PPN looks dehydrated)

A

polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids

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43
Q

function of a macromolecule is dependent on its..(micro)

A

3-dimensional shape

44
Q

hydrogen bonds are…(type of bond is..) (H doesn’t play)

A

non-covalent, like ionic bonds.

45
Q

chemical reaction that coverts polymer of glycogen into monomers of glucose is..(sugar is special)

A

hydrolysis

46
Q

chitin and cellulose

A

great strength, provides support skeleton to animals and plants (cellulose - plants)

47
Q

every protein is built from…(how many?)

A

20 kinds of amino acids

48
Q

proteins are made from linking amino acids through…

A

dehydration, and they form a covalent bond called a peptide bond

49
Q

virtually every chemical reaction in a cell is carried out by an..

A

enzyme - enzymes are protein.

50
Q

ex of structural proteins (structure of face)

A

collagen

51
Q

proteins that serve as transporters ex.

A

hemoglobin or ion channels

52
Q

most important job of RNA

A

convert information stored in DNA into protein

53
Q

lipids are NOT true…

A

polymers because they are not built from monomers

54
Q

lipids are made up of mostly..(what are the bonds made of)

A

carbon and carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. These types of bonds do not interact with water

55
Q

saturated fatty acid made of…(single fat)

A

single bonds between carbon atoms

56
Q

unsaturated fatty acids made of…(you can bond if you’re un)

A

double bond between 2 carbon atoms

57
Q

unsaturated fatty acids melt at…

A

lower temps because they aren’t packed as tightly

58
Q

nucleotides form___bonds

A

covalent

59
Q

the covalent bond in DNA is formed..(mom)

A

when a nucleotide bonds w/ another nucleotide via dehydration - the result is a covalent bond called a phosphodiaster bond.

60
Q

deoxyribonucleotide is just made of…

A

sugar

61
Q

DNA sides of the ladder are made of..

A

alternating sugars and phosphates

62
Q

the bases are connected to the sides of the ladder via…

A

hydrogen bonds

63
Q

most genes encode for..

A

proteins

64
Q

some genes encode for..

A

RNA, like tRNA and rRNA

65
Q

regulatory binding sites (regulate the code)

A

part of gene whose job it is to decode gene info

66
Q

codons act as the…(can’t code w/out words)

A

the words that make up a sentence

67
Q

DNA makes RNA, which makes..

A

protein

68
Q

RNA is made when..(where it all starts)

A

DNA unwinds, and proteins make a copy of one strand of DNA called complimentary strand of RNA.

69
Q

the complimentary RNA is called..

A

mRNA. mRNA exits and binds to ribosome. ribosome reads each codon like a sentence. The codon is bound to tRNA connected to an amino acid. The amino acid is transferred from tRNA to a chain of amino acids connected to the ribosome.

70
Q

total possible codons (keiffer codes)

A

64

71
Q

replication of chromosome occurs during..(synthesize the chromosomes)

A

synthesis phase

72
Q

duplicate chromosome pair called…

A

chromatid

73
Q

humans are diploids, meaning

A

their cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes

74
Q

King Henry Died By (B is 1) Drinking Chocolate Milk (this can be used for meters, liters, and grams) MLG

A

1000, 100, 10, 1, .1, .01, .001 (move the decimal however many decimal points is spaces in the acronym)

75
Q

(3x - 4) (x + 5) =

A

3x(2) + 15x - 4x - 20. YOU NEED TO multiply the exponents

76
Q

graph | x | < 4 (absolute value)

A

would be -4 to 4, with open dots.

77
Q

2 hot dogs and 3 fries trick

A

write out both and then find a common denominator - 6. So if you add the 2 lines together (top and bottom) the 6 would cancel out.

78
Q

random variable

A

a rule that assigns some number to an event - like a salary or something

79
Q

expected value

A

the most likely value of a random variable - just the average

80
Q

symmetric distribution (mirror symmetry)

A

each half mirrors the other when split in half

81
Q

covariance

A

they way 2 variable change each other

82
Q

direct variation

A

an increase in one causes an increase in the other

83
Q

inverse variation

A

increase in one causes decrease in another - more workers takes less time to finish the job

84
Q

ex. inverse variation - if 24 ppl can build a structure in 42 days, how long would it take 16 ppl?

A 
p = k/t 24 = k/42
k = 24(42) = 1008
p = 1008/t
16 = 1008/t
16t = 1008 
t = 63 days
85
Q

independent variable on the___axis (Malcolm)

A

X

86
Q

each orbital can hold__electrons

A

2

87
Q

subshells (shells in the sun)

A

S, P, D, F (S closest to nucleus)

88
Q

covalent bonds are typically formed in ___shells

A

P

89
Q

extensive properties (extend in size)

A

depends on size

90
Q

water has a___specific heat capacity

A

high, because breaking many H bonds takes a lot of energy

91
Q

one main feature of osmosis (how it gets through)

A

semi-permeable membrane

92
Q

unique property of water

A

it’s a universal solvent

93
Q

ex of expository essay…

A

how to make pizza. it teaches something

94
Q

denotative meaning of a word

A

the dictionary meaning

95
Q

connotative meaning of a word

A

the word’s definition and the emotions associated with it

96
Q

lymphocytes are just…

A

B and T cells

97
Q

B cells have antibodies on..

A

their surface and they also secrete them

98
Q

some B cells become…

A

plasma cells, and some become memory cells

99
Q

active immunity is when..

A

your body makes antibodies

100
Q

phases of interphase (grow, synthesize, grow)

A

G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth). At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells

101
Q

g1 phase does not involve..

A

replication

102
Q

s phase (S is Not Cool - NC)

A

nucleus and centrosomes are duplicated

103
Q

g phase (g for growth)

A

cell grows and prepares for mitosis

104
Q

m phase (think m)

A

can be either mitosis or meiosis

105
Q

cytosol is…

A

cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is everything is cell EXCEPT nucleus. Cytosol is the liquid inside the cell. Cytoplasm is not the liquid, it’s stuff.

XIO (372 decks)

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