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XIO > Chem exam 2-2 > Flashcards

Chem exam 2-2 Flashcards

1
Q

IUPAC name for methylacetate (ester is split personality - 2 names)

A

methylethanoate

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2
Q

ester is…(ester in the OC OC)

A

OCOC

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3
Q

amidation (amidation of a box and ammonia)

A

making amides - carboxylic acid with NH3, NH2, or NH

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4
Q

amides and amines are basic or acidic?

A

basic

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5
Q

amide or carboxylic acid higher bp?

A

amide - really high

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6
Q

amines or amides are more basic?

A

amines - BC the carbonyl group on amides is not an electron donor

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7
Q

naming amides (am I’d going to have to split the C and N?)

A

the part attached to the C=O ends in amide, ie - butanamide - anything attached to the NH is a substituent - name it N-akyl, like N-methylbutanamide

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8
Q

naming ethers (ether split in half and name)

A

it’s just C-O-C - no double bond. Double bond is ester. ethyl methyl ether.

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9
Q

when naming ethers…(ether one side and the other in alphabetical)

A

neither side has priority - it’s alphabetical - ethyl methyl ether

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10
Q

if a branch is O-CH3 it’s called…

A

methoxy - oxy at the end

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11
Q

remember - amides will have an….

A

O - so it may be written like CONH2

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12
Q

naming esters (I ate my ester)

A

the left side starting with the C=O is the acid, so name it oate. The right side is first.
The right side starting with the C is the akyl group - so methyl, etc.

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13
Q

naming esters

A

the right side is first, the left side second ending in ate.

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14
Q

difference btwn aldehydes and carboxylic acids

A

aldehydes have C (double bond) OH, and carboxylic acids have COOH, or C(double bond) O, OH group.

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15
Q

aldehydes end in…(AL-dehydes)

A

al.

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16
Q

a low pKa is more or less acidic than a high pKa?

A

a low pKa is more acidic

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17
Q

DON’T forget the C bonded to the..

A

=O

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18
Q

common name for propanedioic acid?

A

malonic acid

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19
Q

IUPAC name for carboxylic acid when it’s added to the end of a ring (lord of the rings gets the full box)

A

has carboxcylic at the end - ie - cyclopentanecarboxylic acid

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20
Q

if you see an amide that looks like this -

C-C - N
||
O

A

just ignore the O when naming, it’s still just an amide. So ethanamide

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21
Q

amines with 5 carbons are still…

A

water soluble

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22
Q

geometry of amines is..(amine is in Egypt)

A

trigonal pyramidal

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23
Q

when naming amines, any substituent off of the N will be named…

A

N-akyl, ie - N-methyl

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24
Q

amines are acids or bases? (am I on base?)

A

bases

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25
Q

common naming system (ethyl is so common)

A

will be ethyl, methyl. IUPAC will be numbering the chain

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26
Q

formic acid (formica HiCOOH)

A

HCOOH

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27
Q

when the OH group is removed from carboxylic acid, it’s called

A

oyl, ie - benzoyl group

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28
Q

add dioc to the end of the name if…

A

there are 2 carboxylic groups, ie butanedioc acid

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29
Q

low weight unsubstituted amides (NH2) are…(state of matter also)

A

solid (except formamide) and they are soluble in water and organic solvents

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30
Q

when naming ketones the common way, remember…(key out the C)

A 
it's split in half, but you DO NOT count the C attached to the O. The 
 O
  ||
 C
is like an independent group.
31
Q

addition reactions with ketones and aldehydes is…(add water to the hyde in the keys)

A

just the addition of water (the H bonds with the O, and the O and the other H bond with the C, and the double bond is gone.

32
Q

hemiacetals and hemiketals are formed when…(hemi alchy)

A

alcohol is added to ketones and aldehydes

33
Q

what has to be added to an alcohol and ketone or aldehyde to form an acetal or ketal?

A

acid catalyst

34
Q

REMEMBER, benzyl is..(benzyl my methyl)

A

benzene with CH2 attached

35
Q

if you have phenyl ether or diphenyl ether…

A

it’s just 2 phenyls with an O in the middle. the carbons are there but you don’t need to draw them

36
Q

if you’re drawing an aldehyde it should look like this…

A

O
||
C \ H

37
Q

don’t forget to count the C attached to the____on an aldehyde

A

=O

38
Q

the ONLY time you don’t count the carbon is when…

A

it’s attached to ketone and you’re doing common naming (split in half)

39
Q

remember, if you’re using IUPAC to name ketones…

A

count all of the carbons in the chain

40
Q

boiling points from highest to lowest - ketones, ethers, alcohols

A

alcohols, ketones, ethers (the double bond makes the bp higher for ketones and aldehydes)

41
Q

if you see a formula with carboxylic acid plus an OH somewhere and heat and H+ it’s…

A

esterification. THEN you just take the OH off of the caboxylic acid and add it with one H from the other alcohol and move it over to make + H2O. Combine the rest of it to make O-CH3 at the end.

42
Q

if see a formula with something plus NH2, it’s…

A

amidification. You simply take one H from the NH group and combine with the OH to make + H2O. Then add the remaining NH to the C on top

43
Q

only use N or N, N with..

A

amines and amides

44
Q

when naming amines…

A

anything coming off of the N is a substituent - so it would be named yl, like cyclopentyl amine

45
Q

when naming amines, if you see a benzene with the NH attached, REMEMBER to name it

A

aniline

46
Q

all amines can form what bonds?

A

hydrogen bonds, BUT only primary and secondary amines can hydrogen bond with each other.

47
Q

which has the highest bp? alkanes, amines or alcohol?

A

alcohol first, then amines, then alkanes

48
Q

amines plus water are…

A

weakly basic because the form -OH (the H from water joins with NH2 to make NH3) and the O and H from water form to make + -OH)

49
Q

amines are acids or bases?

A

bases - because the lone pair of electrons on the H can form an H+ bond with acids or water

50
Q

a base ___a hydrogen

A

accepts

51
Q

if you have an amine attached to 4 other things (quatranary) name it..

A

ammonium ion at the end

52
Q

naming amines - if there are no branches, it’s just

A

amine - ex. ethanamine is CH3CH2NH2. IF there are branches, then it’s N-alkyl amine

53
Q

when trying to identify esters, carboxylic acids, and amides..

A

they are all carbonyl groups, they just have different things attached to the C=O. Ester has C-O attached, amide NH and carboxylic - OH

54
Q

carboxylic acid - can it H bond with itself?

A

yes, and it’s liquid at room temp

55
Q

H2C=CHCOOH name

A

propenoic acid

56
Q

remember - if a carboxylic acid is attached to ring, cyclic structure, name it…

A

carboxylic acid, ie. cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

57
Q

if you see benzene w/ NH2 and carboxylic acid attached (COOH) name it…

A

amino benzoic acid - not analine

58
Q

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide are or are not water soluble?

A

they can be dissolved in water

59
Q

aldehyde and ketone intermolecular forces

A

dipole-dipole

60
Q

aldehyde and ketone - hydrogen bonding?

A

not with each other but can with water

61
Q

intermolecular forces amines

A

dipole dipole, and primary and secondary can hydrogen bond with themselves

62
Q

carboxylic acid - intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding?

A

dipole dipole and can H bond with themselves

63
Q

intermolecular forces - esters and H bonding

A

they are dipole dipole and can’t H bond with water bc they don’t have an H

64
Q

amide intermolecular forces and H bonding

A

dipole dipole and have highest BP bc the N and H’s can bond with water and themselves

65
Q

Hydrogen bonding w/ amides

A

just 1st and 2nd, tertiery doesn’t have H to bond with

66
Q

Polar dissolve in…

A

polar solvent such as water

67
Q

The ability to make H-bonding increases the…

A

solubility in water

68
Q

can be dissolved in water (5A K can dissolve)

A

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide, ketones, aldehydes - all small

69
Q

the more H to bond with, the..

A

higher the bp

70
Q

highest BP Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amines and aldehydes?

A

carboxylic is highest bc it can H bond with itself - so strong that the bp increases

71
Q

BP in order - everything! lowest to highest

Boil the sake
The As, HAKE ACAA

A

alkane-alkene-alkyne (dispersion forces) –> halogens, aldehydes, ketones, esters (dipole-dipole only since hydrogen is only bonded to carbon)—> alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides. (hydrogen bonding).

72
Q

last 4 bps - lowest to highest (ACAA)

A

alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides.

73
Q

if BP is below room temp, it’s a…

A

gas

XIO (372 decks)

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