Moment 15 Flashcards
1
Q
rough ER - synthesizes…
A
synthesizes and processes PROTEINS in the cell
2
Q
smooth ER
A
synthesizes and processes LIPIDS in the cell
3
Q
rate of diffusion is___proportional to distance between the 2 solutions
A
inversely. ex - rate of diffusion is faster (increases) if distance btwn blood cells and alveoli is decreased
4
Q
cardiovascular and circulatory are..
A
the same thing. it moves blood and lymph around the body
5
Q
blood plasma contains (NAH to plasma)
A
nutrients, hormones, antiobodies and immune proteins
6
Q
chyme in the small intestine is neutralized by what?
A
bicarbonate (from the pancreas)
7
Q
duodenum receives alkaline bile from…
A
gall bladder than neutralizes acidic chyme
8
Q
nutrients pass from small intestine to..
A
liver first. then to the large intestine
9
Q
enzyme in the mouth
A
amalyse
10
Q
enzyme in the stomach
A
pepsin
11
Q
enzymes in the pancreas (TAL pancake enzymes)
A
trypsinogen, amylase, lipase
12
Q
enzymes in the small intestine (tease enzymes in small intestines)
A
brush border enzymes, proteases and lactase
13
Q
3 types of muscle (SCS)
A
smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
14
Q
nerve synapse allows for the passing of..
A
signals between neurons and muscles
15
Q
male gamates
A
sperm
16
Q
female gamates
A
eggs
17
Q
hormone responsible for maturation of egg
A
estrogen
18
Q
sudofireous glands
A
sweat glands
19
Q
2 general responses of the adaptive immune system
A
cellular and humoral
20
Q
cellular
A
destroys infected cell
21
Q
humoral
A
antibodies from B cells
22
Q
branched carbohydrates, such as…(branches in liver)
A
glycogen, provides energy storage
23
Q
messenger RNA is located in..
A
the nucleus and it transcribes genetic code for a protein from the DNA template. It then carries the code out to the rRNA.
24
Q
the rRNA is located in…
A
the cytoplasm. then tRNA brings amino acids dictated by mRNA to the ribosomes. then peptide bond is formed.
25
ricotta and pesto taste great on pizza - subject verb agreement
ricotta and pesto should be taken as a plural verb, so the verb should be plural. No "s" in tastes.
26
a unit rate always has what in the denominator?
1. it's always something compared to one.
27
1 mile converted to kilometers
1.61 km
28
positive feedback
stimulates gland secretions that temporarily push levels further out of homeostasis
29
negative feedback
inhibits stimulation to maintain homeostasis
30
small passages that terminate in the AIR SACS
bronchioles
31
transcription producing mRNA takes place where?
the nucleus
32
where does production of rRNA occur? (R and R in a vacation spot)
nucleolus
33
where does charging of tRNA with amino acid occur? (tcp)
the cytoplasm
34
where does translation of mRNA into a protein occur?
on ribosomes
35
what is a condition of an F1 monohybrid cross?
a cross between parents that are heterozygous at one specific gene. F1 are Ss.
36
F1 are...
Ss
37
F2 are...
ss
38
tubular reabsorption is..
the movement of useful material back into the blood stream
39
tetany can be caused by...
hypocalcemia
40
self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function
organ
41
what does acetylochloline do at the muscular junction?
binds to receptor proteins in sarcolamella, which open sodium channels
42
Ca channels are what type of channels?
voltage gated - can't be opened by hormones
43
what triggers release of acetylochloline?
Ca entering terminal
44
acetylochloline triggers...
depolarization
45
sarcolamella is..
just the membrane - muscle cell membrane
46
contraction unit in a muscle is...
sarcomere
47
ALL enzymes are...
proteins
48
DNA serves as a template for the production of...
messenger RNA, and transfer RNA serves as bridges between mRNA and amino acids.
49
first - messenger RNA is transcribed from..
template of DNA. one end of tRNA attaches to mRNA, and other end of tRNA is attached to amino acid.
50
embolus
a piece of plaque or blood clot traveling through a blood vessel
51
performs mineral reabsorption
osteoclasts
52
leaves the body via the vas deferens?
gamates
53
secretion is the movement of substances from...(kidneys) (secrete what we don't want)
the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule. Picking out stuff you don't want and moving it back to the capillaries (like H ions)
54
opposite of reabsorption
secretion
55
parietal lobe processes (paired languages)
language and sensory information
56
reverberation is a..
signal traveling through a CHAIN of neurons
57
cellular respiration is an..(what type of pathway?)
oxidative, degredative pathway (catabolic pathway provides the energy required to conduct the biosynthesis of an anabolic pathway)
58
synthetic pathway
A synthetic pathway converts IPP into three five-carbon alcohol
59
photosynthesis is a___pathway
reductive
60
degredative pathway
the breakdown of glucose, it degrades
61
level of organization - AMM CTOOO
atom, molecule, macromolecule, etc
62
organs consist of two or more...
different tissues
63
lysosomes are produced by what? (lice on the mailman)
the golgi
64
contains the codes for proteins
nucleus
65
in anatomical position, the body is...
upright, arms at sides, palms facing anterior
66
lower respiratory begins at the...
trachea
67
trachea branches into..
bronchi, bronchi branch into bronchioles, bronchioles into aveoli
68
atelectasis (atel lungs)
collapsed lung
69
lung compliance depends on 2 things:
elasticity of lung tissue and alveolar surface tension
70
ex of diseases that cause low compliance
asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer
71
shared by both food and air? (p can be both)
pharynx
72
pinocytosis
drinking
73
alveolar pressure decreases when the diaphram
contracts. volume increases, so the pressure goes down.
74
do NOT have associated ducts
endocrine glands
75
beta cells in the pancreas do 2 things: (alpha G comes before beta I)
secrete insulin, and also detect levels of glucose
76
Alpha cells in the pancreas do 2 things: (alpha G comes before beta I)
can also detect glucose levels AND secrete glucagon
77
what stimulates production of estrogen in ovaries?
FSH
78
steroid hormones affect___in their target cells
transcription (expression of specific genes)
79
one molecule of DNA is...
a chromosome
80
each one has a matching partner
chromosomes - they come in pairs
81
a sequence of DNA that codes for something else
a gene, and it's usually coding for a protein
82
the complimentary copy of DNA is what type of RNA?
mRNA. The mRNA then immediately binds with ribosomes (rRNA). The ribosome then reads each codon on the mRNA. As it's read, it gets bound to tRNA that is also attached to an amino acid. the tRNA transfers the amino acid to a growing chain of amino acids.
83
mRNA to...(MR TA)
ribosomes, ribosomes to tRNA, then tRNA to amino acids.
84
smallest to largest packaging in DNA (NDCG Nancy Drew Can Go from smallest to largest DNA)
nucleotides, DNA, chromosomes, genome
85
the letters in the language of DNA (actual letters - what me and tu pair together)
nucleotides
86
the sentences in DNA (tu's jeans tell a story)
genes
87
words of DNA (speak in code)
codons
88
codon
3 bases (nucleotides) in a row that codes for amino acids
89
a duplicate in a chromosome pair is called...
chromatid
90
F1 plants
one phenotype dominated - it's just YY x yy = Yy
91
F2 plants
3:1 ratio - 3 dominant one recessive
92
diploids are
2n - meaning they have 2 sets of chromosomes
93
N and N2 - which is which
n - meaning they have one set of chromosomes. N, or haploids, are gamates. N2 are humans. Pair of each chromosome.
94
blood types - parents are 1A/1A and I/B and I/B - children will be...
1A/1B
95
genotype for ppl with O blood is..
i/i
96
homophone (phone and fone)
sound the same but spelled differently
97
the ONLY time deoxygenated blood flows through an artery
pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle
98
lub - systole
tricuspid and mitral valves closing
99
dub - systole
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing
100
glycolysis takes place where? (col - sol)
cytosol
101
citric acid, or krebs cycle, takes place where?
mitochondria matrix, which is the inner membrane - CO2 is produced here
102
electron transport chain takes place where?
inner mitochondrial membrane
103
the electron removed from H (in the electron transport chain) ends up on...
oxygen
104
the leftover H+ ion is stuck in the inner membrane - when it goes back across through ATPsynathase, this creates..
the ATP, the energy. ATPsynthase is just an enzyme that is activated by the H+ ions. This is how the energy is made.
105
because oxygen is the final electron acceptor, the process is..
aerobic
106
we are only breathing in oxygen for..
oxidative phosphorylation (last step)
107
bone cells reside in (lakes)
lacunae
108
compared to compact, spongy bone has few..(the big one)
osteons
109
red bone marrow is in spongy or compact?
spongy
110
hyaline cartilage at the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) turns into..
bone. Hyaline actually makes bone.
111
achondroplastic dwarism
epiphyseal plate stops growing
112
atoms have..
protons, neutrons, and electrons
