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XIO > Moment 15 > Flashcards

Moment 15 Flashcards

1
Q

rough ER - synthesizes…

A

synthesizes and processes PROTEINS in the cell

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2
Q

smooth ER

A

synthesizes and processes LIPIDS in the cell

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3
Q

rate of diffusion is___proportional to distance between the 2 solutions

A

inversely. ex - rate of diffusion is faster (increases) if distance btwn blood cells and alveoli is decreased

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4
Q

cardiovascular and circulatory are..

A

the same thing. it moves blood and lymph around the body

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5
Q

blood plasma contains (NAH to plasma)

A

nutrients, hormones, antiobodies and immune proteins

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6
Q

chyme in the small intestine is neutralized by what?

A

bicarbonate (from the pancreas)

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7
Q

duodenum receives alkaline bile from…

A

gall bladder than neutralizes acidic chyme

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8
Q

nutrients pass from small intestine to..

A

liver first. then to the large intestine

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9
Q

enzyme in the mouth

A

amalyse

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10
Q

enzyme in the stomach

A

pepsin

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11
Q

enzymes in the pancreas (TAL pancake enzymes)

A

trypsinogen, amylase, lipase

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12
Q

enzymes in the small intestine (tease enzymes in small intestines)

A

brush border enzymes, proteases and lactase

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13
Q

3 types of muscle (SCS)

A

smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

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14
Q

nerve synapse allows for the passing of..

A

signals between neurons and muscles

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15
Q

male gamates

A

sperm

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16
Q

female gamates

A

eggs

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17
Q

hormone responsible for maturation of egg

A

estrogen

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18
Q

sudofireous glands

A

sweat glands

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19
Q

2 general responses of the adaptive immune system

A

cellular and humoral

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20
Q

cellular

A

destroys infected cell

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21
Q

humoral

A

antibodies from B cells

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22
Q

branched carbohydrates, such as…(branches in liver)

A

glycogen, provides energy storage

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23
Q

messenger RNA is located in..

A

the nucleus and it transcribes genetic code for a protein from the DNA template. It then carries the code out to the rRNA.

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24
Q

the rRNA is located in…

A

the cytoplasm. then tRNA brings amino acids dictated by mRNA to the ribosomes. then peptide bond is formed.

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25
Q

ricotta and pesto taste great on pizza - subject verb agreement

A

ricotta and pesto should be taken as a plural verb, so the verb should be plural. No “s” in tastes.

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26
Q

a unit rate always has what in the denominator?

A
  1. it’s always something compared to one.
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27
Q

1 mile converted to kilometers

A

1.61 km

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28
Q

positive feedback

A

stimulates gland secretions that temporarily push levels further out of homeostasis

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29
Q

negative feedback

A

inhibits stimulation to maintain homeostasis

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30
Q

small passages that terminate in the AIR SACS

A

bronchioles

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31
Q

transcription producing mRNA takes place where?

A

the nucleus

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32
Q

where does production of rRNA occur? (R and R in a vacation spot)

A

nucleolus

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33
Q

where does charging of tRNA with amino acid occur? (tcp)

A

the cytoplasm

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34
Q

where does translation of mRNA into a protein occur?

A

on ribosomes

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35
Q

what is a condition of an F1 monohybrid cross?

A

a cross between parents that are heterozygous at one specific gene. F1 are Ss.

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36
Q

F1 are…

A

Ss

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37
Q

F2 are…

A

ss

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38
Q

tubular reabsorption is..

A

the movement of useful material back into the blood stream

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39
Q

tetany can be caused by…

A

hypocalcemia

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40
Q

self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function

A

organ

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41
Q

what does acetylochloline do at the muscular junction?

A

binds to receptor proteins in sarcolamella, which open sodium channels

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42
Q

Ca channels are what type of channels?

A

voltage gated - can’t be opened by hormones

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43
Q

what triggers release of acetylochloline?

A

Ca entering terminal

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44
Q

acetylochloline triggers…

A

depolarization

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45
Q

sarcolamella is..

A

just the membrane - muscle cell membrane

46
Q

contraction unit in a muscle is…

A

sarcomere

47
Q

ALL enzymes are…

A

proteins

48
Q

DNA serves as a template for the production of…

A

messenger RNA, and transfer RNA serves as bridges between mRNA and amino acids.

49
Q

first - messenger RNA is transcribed from..

A

template of DNA. one end of tRNA attaches to mRNA, and other end of tRNA is attached to amino acid.

50
Q

embolus

A

a piece of plaque or blood clot traveling through a blood vessel

51
Q

performs mineral reabsorption

A

osteoclasts

52
Q

leaves the body via the vas deferens?

A

gamates

53
Q

secretion is the movement of substances from…(kidneys) (secrete what we don’t want)

A

the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule. Picking out stuff you don’t want and moving it back to the capillaries (like H ions)

54
Q

opposite of reabsorption

A

secretion

55
Q

parietal lobe processes (paired languages)

A

language and sensory information

56
Q

reverberation is a..

A

signal traveling through a CHAIN of neurons

57
Q

cellular respiration is an..(what type of pathway?)

A

oxidative, degredative pathway (catabolic pathway provides the energy required to conduct the biosynthesis of an anabolic pathway)

58
Q

synthetic pathway

A

A synthetic pathway converts IPP into three five-carbon alcohol

59
Q

photosynthesis is a___pathway

A

reductive

60
Q

degredative pathway

A

the breakdown of glucose, it degrades

61
Q

level of organization - AMM CTOOO

A

atom, molecule, macromolecule, etc

62
Q

organs consist of two or more…

A

different tissues

63
Q

lysosomes are produced by what? (lice on the mailman)

A

the golgi

64
Q

contains the codes for proteins

A

nucleus

65
Q

in anatomical position, the body is…

A

upright, arms at sides, palms facing anterior

66
Q

lower respiratory begins at the…

A

trachea

67
Q

trachea branches into..

A

bronchi, bronchi branch into bronchioles, bronchioles into aveoli

68
Q

atelectasis (atel lungs)

A

collapsed lung

69
Q

lung compliance depends on 2 things:

A

elasticity of lung tissue and alveolar surface tension

70
Q

ex of diseases that cause low compliance

A

asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer

71
Q

shared by both food and air? (p can be both)

A

pharynx

72
Q

pinocytosis

A

drinking

73
Q

alveolar pressure decreases when the diaphram

A

contracts. volume increases, so the pressure goes down.

74
Q

do NOT have associated ducts

A

endocrine glands

75
Q

beta cells in the pancreas do 2 things: (alpha G comes before beta I)

A

secrete insulin, and also detect levels of glucose

76
Q

Alpha cells in the pancreas do 2 things: (alpha G comes before beta I)

A

can also detect glucose levels AND secrete glucagon

77
Q

what stimulates production of estrogen in ovaries?

A

FSH

78
Q

steroid hormones affect___in their target cells

A

transcription (expression of specific genes)

79
Q

one molecule of DNA is…

A

a chromosome

80
Q

each one has a matching partner

A

chromosomes - they come in pairs

81
Q

a sequence of DNA that codes for something else

A

a gene, and it’s usually coding for a protein

82
Q

the complimentary copy of DNA is what type of RNA?

A

mRNA. The mRNA then immediately binds with ribosomes (rRNA). The ribosome then reads each codon on the mRNA. As it’s read, it gets bound to tRNA that is also attached to an amino acid. the tRNA transfers the amino acid to a growing chain of amino acids.

83
Q

mRNA to…(MR TA)

A

ribosomes, ribosomes to tRNA, then tRNA to amino acids.

84
Q

smallest to largest packaging in DNA (NDCG Nancy Drew Can Go from smallest to largest DNA)

A

nucleotides, DNA, chromosomes, genome

85
Q

the letters in the language of DNA (actual letters - what me and tu pair together)

A

nucleotides

86
Q

the sentences in DNA (tu’s jeans tell a story)

A

genes

87
Q

words of DNA (speak in code)

A

codons

88
Q

codon

A

3 bases (nucleotides) in a row that codes for amino acids

89
Q

a duplicate in a chromosome pair is called…

A

chromatid

90
Q

F1 plants

A

one phenotype dominated - it’s just YY x yy = Yy

91
Q

F2 plants

A

3:1 ratio - 3 dominant one recessive

92
Q

diploids are

A

2n - meaning they have 2 sets of chromosomes

93
Q

N and N2 - which is which

A

n - meaning they have one set of chromosomes. N, or haploids, are gamates. N2 are humans. Pair of each chromosome.

94
Q

blood types - parents are 1A/1A and I/B and I/B - children will be…

A

1A/1B

95
Q

genotype for ppl with O blood is..

A

i/i

96
Q

homophone (phone and fone)

A

sound the same but spelled differently

97
Q

the ONLY time deoxygenated blood flows through an artery

A

pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle

98
Q

lub - systole

A

tricuspid and mitral valves closing

99
Q

dub - systole

A

pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing

100
Q

glycolysis takes place where? (col - sol)

A

cytosol

101
Q

citric acid, or krebs cycle, takes place where?

A

mitochondria matrix, which is the inner membrane - CO2 is produced here

102
Q

electron transport chain takes place where?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

103
Q

the electron removed from H (in the electron transport chain) ends up on…

A

oxygen

104
Q

the leftover H+ ion is stuck in the inner membrane - when it goes back across through ATPsynathase, this creates..

A

the ATP, the energy. ATPsynthase is just an enzyme that is activated by the H+ ions. This is how the energy is made.

105
Q

because oxygen is the final electron acceptor, the process is..

A

aerobic

106
Q

we are only breathing in oxygen for..

A

oxidative phosphorylation (last step)

107
Q

bone cells reside in (lakes)

A

lacunae

108
Q

compared to compact, spongy bone has few..(the big one)

A

osteons

109
Q

red bone marrow is in spongy or compact?

A

spongy

110
Q

hyaline cartilage at the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) turns into..

A

bone. Hyaline actually makes bone.

111
Q

achondroplastic dwarism

A

epiphyseal plate stops growing

112
Q

atoms have..

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

XIO (393 decks)

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