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XIO > Moment > Flashcards

Moment Flashcards

1
Q

triangle volume

A

1/2 x b x h x L (write M3 (cubed)

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2
Q

volume of a cube (basic volume)

A

b x h x L

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3
Q

volume sphere (4/3 ppl think volume of sphere is too loud)

A

4/3 x pi x r3 (cubed)

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4
Q

volume cone (icecream cone - pi, r, ladder)

A

V= pi x r2 x h/3

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5
Q

coordinate plane ex. -4, -2

A

-4 = x, -2= y

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6
Q

conversions

A

smaller to larger - divide; larger to smaller - multiply

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7
Q

cell grouping order

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms

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8
Q

ribosomes synthesize___from___?

A

synthesize protein from amino acids

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9
Q

golgi complex does what? (mailman)

A

synthesizes/process material such as proteins that are transported out of cell. it has layers of membranes

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10
Q

vacoules

A

storage, digestion, waste removal

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11
Q

vesicle is a___that moves___

A

small organelle that moves material in a cell

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12
Q

cytoskeleton - and made of what? (skeleton tubes)

A

consists of microtubules that shape and support cell, whole movements of cell

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13
Q

microtubules (made of and what they do)

A

made of protein, support cell

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14
Q

cytosol

A

liquid material in cytoplasm

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15
Q

cytoplasm - NOT

A

the cytosol and organelles. NOT in nucleus.

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16
Q

endoplasmic reticulum - what does it do? (think carrier)

A

smooth and rough. the transport system of the cell.

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17
Q

smooth ER

A

no ribosomes

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18
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes

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19
Q

mitochondria makes…

A

ATP, cell growth and death. they have their own DNA.

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20
Q

functions of mitochondria (mite - marathon)

A

cell energy, cell signaling, cell differentiation, cell cycle and growth regulation. Energy is the main function.

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21
Q

inner membrane of mitochondria encloses the…

A

matrix, contains mitochondria DNA and ribosomes

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22
Q

mitochondria folds are called..

A

cristae. chemical reactions occur here and release energy.

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23
Q

aerobic respiration occurs in the…(gym)

A

mitochondria.

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24
Q

centrosome (cents makes a trio)..involved in____

MCC

A

a pair of centrioles. involved in mitosis and cell cycle.

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25
Q

centrioles - micro trio TRIO = 3

A

cylinders near nucleus involved in cell division. has 3 microtubules. centrioles occur in pairs.

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26
Q

lysosomes digest

A

protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and transport for removal.

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27
Q

cilia

A

causes cell to move

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28
Q

flagella

A

tail to help cell move

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29
Q

nucleus

A

contains chromosomes and regulates DNA.

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30
Q

all eukaryotic cells have a

A

nucleus

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31
Q

nucleus contains envelope….

A

nuceloplasm, nucleoulus, nuclear pores, chromatin, and ribosomes.

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32
Q

chromosomes

A

thread-like rods of DNA

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33
Q

chromatin (chrome car)

A

consists of DNA and protein that make up chromosomes

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34
Q

nucleoulus (downs bubble)

A

small sphere in nucleus (during interphase). made of protein, inside the nucleus. no membrane, is involved in protein synthesis, synthesizes and stores RNA.

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35
Q

nuclear pores involved in exchange between..(only thing it can exchange)

A

involved in exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm

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36
Q

nucleoplasm

A

liquid within nucleus, similar to cytoplasm.

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37
Q

glycolipids in membrane help…(fat)

A

cells to recognize other cells

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38
Q

proteins in membrane help..

A

to give shape

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39
Q

cholesterol in membrane helps…(stiff crisco)

A

give stiffness and flexibility

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40
Q

oxygen and water can..

A

easily pass through membrane

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41
Q

2 ways cells can reproduce

A

mitosis and meiosis

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42
Q

mitosis - daughter cell is…

A

exact replica of parent cell

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43
Q

meiosis - daughter cell has…(mei parents)

A

different genetic coding than parent cell

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44
Q

meiosis only happens where?

A

specialized cells called gametes

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45
Q

zygote

A

a group of cells that control the process of less specialized cells becoming more specialized

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46
Q

gastrulation (start)

A

early phase of embryonic development in most animals

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47
Q

3 cell layers in gastrulation

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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48
Q

develops from ectoderm

A

nervous system

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49
Q

develops from mesoderm

A

muscular system

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50
Q

develops from endoderm

A

digestive system

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51
Q

events of mitosis in order (pmat)

A

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

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52
Q

interphase (nathaniel - guess)

A

the cell grows, replicates its DNA and prepares for mitosis. can be divided into g1, S and g2.

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53
Q

prophase (TDTS M - willow)

A

thicken, disintegrates, trio, spin, move.

chromatin thickens into chromosomes and nuclear membrane disintegrates, pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides and spindle fibers form. mitotic spindle moves chromosomes around the cell.

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54
Q

metaphase (spin in the middle of the met w/ chrome)

A

spindles moves towards center and chromosome pairs align along center of spindle

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55
Q

anaphase (ana - no….)

A

chromsome “sisters” pull apart, and after they separate are called daughter chromosomes.

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56
Q

telophase (chrome tel)

A

spindles disintegrate, chromosomes revert to chromatin. in animals, membrane is pinched.

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57
Q

cytokinesis

A

physical splitting of cell.

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58
Q

meiosis - same phases as….

A

mitosis, but they occur twice.

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59
Q

result of meiosis (4 meis)

A

4 daughter cells called haploid.

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60
Q

layers in heart - inside to outside - (end my heart ache)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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61
Q

medial

A

near midline of body.

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62
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial. further away from body’s midline. thumb is lateral to the little finger (palms up)

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63
Q

proximal

A

close to center. hip is proximal to knee

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64
Q

distal

A

further from center of body. knee is distal to hip

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65
Q

anterior

A

front

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66
Q

posterior

A

behind

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67
Q

cephalad

A

head

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68
Q

caudad (horse)

A

tail or posterior. hindquarters.

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69
Q

superior

A

above, close to head

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70
Q

inferior

A

below, close to feet

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71
Q

transverse

A

divides body in upper and lower halves

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72
Q

sagittal plane (sag - two faced)

A

right and left sections

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73
Q

coronal (frontal plane) (home in cdm)

A

vertically front and back

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74
Q

lower respiratory - what organs (BLT for lungs)

A

trachea, lungs, bronchial tree

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75
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes - superior, middle, and inferior

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76
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes (leaves room for heart) - superior and inferior

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77
Q

diaphragm separates…(thor)

A

thoracic and abdominal cavity

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78
Q

exchange of gas occurs in…

A

alveoli

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79
Q

speech

A

air moves through larynx (voice box) and vibrates to make sound, then enters trachea (windpipe).

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80
Q

chemoreceptors in nose

A

smell

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81
Q

maintains acid-base homeostatis

A

respiratory system

82
Q

hyperventilation can increase..(secret)

A

blood ph during acidosis.

83
Q

slowing breathing can..(in regards to ph)

A

alkalosis (high ph) helps lower blood ph

84
Q

which muscles expand/contract lungs during breathing?

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

85
Q

during inspiration…

A

diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing size of chest cavity.

86
Q

during expiration, what relaxes?

A

diaphragm and intercostal relax, decreasing chest cavity and forcing air out of lungs.

87
Q

breathing controlled by…(which part of the brain)

A

medulla oblongata. it monitors the level of co2 in blood and signals breathing rate to increase when co2 is too high

88
Q

3 parts of circulatory (is cardiovascular) system (obvious)

A

blood, blood vessels and heart

89
Q

closed circulatory system

A

most animals have - heart and blood vessels are continuously connected.

90
Q

3 layers of wall of blood vessels (vessel has tunes on inner, middle and outer)

A

innermost tunica intima, tunica media, and outer tunica adventitita

91
Q

arterioles

A

tiny vessels that lead to capillary beds

92
Q

venules (exit where…)

A

tiny vessels that exit capillary beds

93
Q

veins - what type of tunica (vein - thin in middle and intimate)

A

thin tunica media and tunica intima

94
Q

adult human has how much blood?

A

5 qts of blood

95
Q

blood is composed of (blood is warped - WRPP)

A

red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

96
Q

platelets make up how much blood volume?

A

over half of blood volume

97
Q

plasma contains (plasma - PIGHAANG)

A

proteins, ions, glucose, amino acids, hormones, nutrients, antibodies, and dissolved gases.

98
Q

rbcs transport ___to cells

A

oxygen

99
Q

can live up to 4 months

A

rbcs

100
Q

wbc - function

A

defend against infection and remove waste

101
Q

types of wbc (MELBN - melbourne)

A

lymphocytes, neutrophils, moncytes, eosinophils, and basophils

102
Q

platelets - what are they made of and what do they do?

A

fragments of stem cells and help in clotting

103
Q

how many chambers in heart?

A

4

104
Q

atrial contraction fills___

A

fills ventricles and ventricular contraction empties them. this is the cardiac cycle

105
Q

cardiac cycle is..(just 2)

A

diastole and systole

106
Q

1st diastole phase (starts w/ right)

A

blood flows through superior and inferior venae cavae. blood flows passively through av (tricuspid) to right ventricle. SA node generates electrical signals carried to purkinje, stimulating it to contract and fill right ventricle with blood. SA transmitted to AV and right ventricle contracts starting 1st systole phase.

107
Q

1st systole phase (1st to the left)

A

tricuspid closes, and pulmonary semilunar valve opens. blood is pumped into pulmonary arteries to lungs. blood returning from lungs fills left atrium as part of 2nd diastole phase.

108
Q

2nd diastole phase (SA - couch)

A

SA triggers mitral valve to open, blood fills left ventricle

109
Q

2nd systole phase

A

mitral valve closes and aortic semilunar valve opens. left ventricle contracts and blood is pumped out of aorta to rest of body.

110
Q

circulatory system is…(CPS circulates)

A

coronary, pulmonary and systemic circulation

111
Q

coronary circulation - enters through___with____blood (think opposite)

A

enters arteries, enters heart with oxygenated blood.

112
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood between heart and lungs. deoxy blood goes from ra to lungs through pulmonary artery. oxygenated blood goes back through left atrium through pulmonary veins.

113
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood to the entire body except coronary and pulmonary circulation.

114
Q

portal circulation is…(portal to stomach)

A

systemic circulation, which is blood from digestive to liver and then heart

115
Q

renal circulation is..

A

blood between heart and kidneys

116
Q

arterial blood pressure - transports oxygen___blood to ____and oxygen___blood to____

A

transporting oxygen-poor blood to lungs and oxygen-rich to body tissues.

117
Q

arterioles are where…(small adjustment)

A

adjustments are made in blood delivery to specific areas

118
Q

capillary beds are..(AND between what?)

A

the diffusion sites for exchanges btwn blood and interstitial fluid. just one single layer of endothelial cells

119
Q

capillaries merge into…

A

venules, venules into veins.

120
Q

lymphatic system

A

lymph capillaries, vessels and ducts

121
Q

major function of lymphatic (transport transport)

A

return excess fluid to blood, return protein from capillaries, transport fat from digestive tract, disposal of debris and cellular waste

122
Q

lymphoid organs are…(SSAALTT)

A

lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, adenoids, thymus, tonsils, and patches in small intestine.

123
Q

each lymph node contains..(yellow nym)

A

lymphocytes and plasma cells.

124
Q

spleen filters…(just 2, you know this)

A

blood stores of rbcs and macrophages

125
Q

thymus…(nym) secretes what?

A

secretes hormones and is the major site of lymphocyte production

126
Q

spleen - location and make of what?

A

upper left of abdomen, made of lymphoid tissue

127
Q

peritoneal ligaments that support spleen (perry - GLP)

A

gastrolienal, lienorenal, and phrenicocolic ligaments

128
Q

gastrolienal ligament (lane gastro - same)

A

connects stomach to spleen

129
Q

lienorenal ligament (sister kids spleen kleen)

A

connects kidney to spleen

130
Q

phrenicocolic ligament (phrantic left)

A

connects left colic flexure to thoracic diaphram

131
Q

functions of spleen

A

to filter unwanted material from blood (and old RBCs) to help fight infection.

132
Q

protein digestion begins in the…(protein first)

A

stomach

133
Q

absorption begins in the…

A

small intestine

134
Q

largest solid organ and largest gland

A

liver

135
Q

ligaments that attach liver (FRRLC in the liver)

A

falciform, coronary, right triangular, left triangular, and round ligaments

136
Q

liver processes all of the___that passes through the digestive system

A

blood that passes through digestive system.

137
Q

nutrient rich blood is supplied to liver by…(liver is nutricious for veins)

A

hepatic portal vein

138
Q

oxygen rich blood is supplied to liver by…

A

hepatic artery

139
Q

blood leaves the liver through…

A

hepatic vein

140
Q

liver’s functional units called

A

lobules

141
Q

blood flows through liver through small channels called…

A

sinusoids

142
Q

functions of the liver (C-BPG killing my liverI

A

produce bile, blood plasma proteins, cholesterol, stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen,

143
Q

regulates amino acids

A

liver (because glucagon activates amino acid transporters)

144
Q

processes hemoglobin (heman eats liver)

A

liver

145
Q

converts ammonia to urea (does it all)

A

liver

146
Q

purifies blood

A

liver

147
Q

regulates blood clotting (not platelets)

A

liver (hepatocytes help w/ clotting)

148
Q

controls infection by boosting immune factors

A

liver (by cleaning your blood)

149
Q

4 less than a quotient of a number and two is at least 5

A

n/2 - 4 >_ (greater than or equal to) 5

150
Q

D2P (decimal to a percent)

A

decimal to percent - move decimal 2 places to right. Percent to decimal, move decimal 2 places to left

151
Q

area =

A

LxW

152
Q

Circumference = (just 2)

A

pi x diameter

153
Q

area of a circle = (area is the OG)

A

pi x R2 (radius squared)

154
Q

radius is half of the..

A

diameter

155
Q

1 mile in feet

A

5,280 feet

156
Q

flip < or > if you divide or multiply by a negative. ex.

-2x + 5 > 19 =

A

x < -7

157
Q

on a graph, closed dot (solid dot) means..

A

greater than OR equal to, or less than OR equal to.

158
Q

if asked to write an inequality, should look like

A

> or < (can also be less than or equal to or greater than or equal to)

159
Q

on a graph, line going down from left to right is

A

negative linear relationship

160
Q

on a graph, line going up from left to right is..

A

positive linear relationship

161
Q

1 sq. ft is___inches

A

144 inches. Square foot is L x W

162
Q

circumference of a circle is (go around twice)

A

2 x pi x r

163
Q

cytoplasm is the…

A

entire content within the cell membrane

164
Q

1 meter = ___centimeters

A

100

165
Q

how many ounces in a pound?

A

16

166
Q

rounding FRACTIONS to the ones place

A

if numerator is greater than or equal to half the denominator, round up to next whole number. if numerator is less than half the denom, round down to next whole number.

167
Q

systemic circulation - blood exits through…(shoot up opposite)

A

left ventricle through aorta, branches into carotid, subclavian, iliac, renal artery.

168
Q

systemic circulation - blood returns through..(shoot up stomach and kidneys)

A

jugular, subclavian, iliac and renal and empties into superior and inferior vena cavae.

169
Q

coronary circulation returns where…(corona corner)

A

deoxy blood returns to ra through cardiac veins, which empty into coronary sinus.

170
Q

coronary circulation is..

A

blood to heart

171
Q

level of organization - (from TEAS) (CCTOO)

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

172
Q

chloroplasts

A

use photsynthesis to produce ATP and other sugars

173
Q

palmar surface of hand

A

palm

174
Q

dorsum of hand

A

back of hand

175
Q

bronchioles terminate in..

A

alveoli

176
Q

alveoli are the exchange site for what?

A

gases

177
Q

aqueous surfactant

A

layer covers alveoli and serves as medium for gas exchange and keeps lungs from collapsing by maintaining surface tension

178
Q

each segment of the lungs receives air from..

A

its own bronchus and blood from its own artery

179
Q

tidal volume

A

the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs

180
Q

residual capacity

A

small amount of air rich in CO2 trapped in alveoli after expiration

181
Q

asthma

A

airways narrow, a result of swelling of the airways and mucus buildup

182
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system (WINC to cardio)

A

transport nutrients, wastes, chemicals messengers and immune molecules

183
Q

2 parts to closed circulatory system

A

pulmonary and systemic

184
Q

pulmonary loop carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to…

A

lungs

185
Q

systemic loop

A

carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to the body

186
Q

lub sound (ava)

A

AV valves close

187
Q

dub sound (moon)

A

semilunar valves, aorta and pulmonary arteries close, preventing blood from falling back into ventricles

188
Q

RBCs contain (tu) and transport…

A

hemoglobin and transport oxygen from lungs to rest of body

189
Q

2 main types of WBCs (just l’s)

A

leukocytes and lymphocytes

190
Q

lymph is made of…(lymph in plaza)

A

plasma w/out the RBCs

191
Q

myocardium tissue (my muscle)

A

muscle tissue

192
Q

epicardium tissue (epi connects pen to patient)

A

connective in the blood and epicardium

193
Q

endocardium tissue (it’s epi in the end)

A

epithelial in tissue membrane and endocardium

194
Q

dependent variable goes on ___axis (dependent goes second)

A

y axis

195
Q

most important function of ribsomes

A

synthesize protein

196
Q

what absorbs nutrients in the small intestines?

A

microvilli

197
Q

estrogen does what?

A

matures egg

198
Q

what layer are hair follicles found?

A

dermis

199
Q

what waste do kidneys remove?

A

nitrogen

200
Q

what prevents pathogens from entering the body?

A

mucus

201
Q

what breaks down bone material?

A

osteoclasts

XIO (372 decks)

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