Anthropology

Question 1

Cultural/ Sociocultural Anthropology

Answer 1

These topics can include everything from religion, to cultural expression, kinship, social, economic, and political structures. punk rockers. everything.

Question 2

Medical Anthropologists usually identify themselves as…

Answer 2

Cultural Anthropologists.

Question 3

Applied Anthropology

Answer 3

Applied Anthropology is a field which focuses on using anthropology in the real world for real world results.

Question 4

Even if each anthropological branch studies a specific element…

Answer 4

all of the elements must be considered to fully understand a culture.

Question 5

The Comparative Perspective

Answer 5

The Comparative Perspective simply means that in order to understand a society and its culture, we sometimes must compare and contrast with other cultures.
Anthropologists often look for a universal set of human behaviors.

Question 6

world view

Answer 6

Across the world, there are different ways of looking at and perceiving the world.

Question 7

world view universals (universe is CCRSS)

Answer 7

self and other, relationship, classification, causality, space and time

Question 8

self and other

Answer 8

It simply means that we each have an awareness of the ‘self’as distinct and separate from the things around us.
I am separate from the chair I sit on.

Question 9

classification

Answer 9

all ppl name objects and group them in larger categories - ie. real vs. unreal

Question 10

why do we classify?

Answer 10

The environment is quite complex.

In order to simplify the surrounding world, we as a species have adapted a way to deal with this

Question 11

causality

Answer 11

cause and effect

Question 12

space and time

Answer 12

concepts about space and time

Question 13

space

Answer 13

Relationship between humans and environment
Environment impacts perception of space
This also impacts how we as human beings exist within that space.

Question 14

time (chinese v. native american)

Answer 14

Some worldviews are more “future” oriented
Some world views are more “past” oriented
Some world views see time as cyclical with no beginning or end.

Question 15

2 elements in health and illness (health IS)

Answer 15

Ideational and Social

Question 16

ideational (2 things) idea = ….

Answer 16

1)Beliefs
These are the ideas one has about the world, illness, and health.

  2)Behavior
       How we treat the disease and see it causally.

Question 17

social

Answer 17

A) Healers/Doctors
B) Patients
C) And the relationship between these two
2) Process
A) The way care is organized
B) Interaction settings
C) Institutions within place such as clinics, hospitals, etc…

Question 18

etiology (et my disease)

Answer 18

the study of disease causation. an explanation of cause of disease

Question 19

etiology falls within..(et the idea)

Answer 19

the ideational element

Question 20

different ways to attribute causation

Answer 20

deeply intertwined with world view.

Question 21

Naturalistic Causation Theory (nature can be observed)

Answer 21

Illness is explained in impersonal, systemic terms. The diagnosis is achieved based on observable cause and effect relationships.

Question 22

Examples of Naturalistic Causation Theory-

Answer 22

tooth decay, imbalance, ie thyroid, parasitic - viruses worms. injury - broken bones, obstruction - kidneys stones. malnutrition - rickets

Question 23

Personalistic Causation Theory

Answer 23

In this type of causation theory illness is caused by the purposeful intervention of a sensate agent.

Question 24

Examples of Personalistic Causation Theory:

Answer 24

Illness or disease caused by a supernatural entity (a trickster, a vengeful ghost, etc.) By non human creature, animal. Caused by another person - evil eye.

Question 25

The Huichol are (how they survive)

Answer 25

subsistence farmers.

Question 26

the Huichol’s social and political structures

Answer 26

intertwine, combining the traditional structure with one imposed by the Mexican government.

Question 27

Huichol shamanism honors…

Answer 27

all of creation, especially the spirit of nature- the power of the animals, the winged ones, the minerals, and plants.

Question 28

This shamanic tradition involves..

Answer 28

healing and empowerment through personal transformation and direct experience as well as the healing of our families, communities and our environment.

Question 29

The Huichol say we are created from

Answer 29

the elements of the natural world- fire, air, water and earth. Because of this, each of us is a miniature universe, a mirror of both the natural and the spiritual worlds.

Question 30

The 120 deities of the Huichol include three chief gods:

Answer 30

Tatemari, Tayau, and Kauyumaki.

Question 31

Tatemari

Answer 31

Tatemari - “our Grandfather fire” - is the main god, the ruler over the ret of the gods. He led the tribe on the first peyote hunt, built their first temple, and taught the Huichol how to behave.”

Question 32

Tayau (Yau are the sun)

Answer 32

is “our father sun,” the sun god. He is dangerously powerful and can send misfortunes as warnings or punishments.

Question 33

Kauyumaki

Answer 33

“sacred deer person” - is the trickster god, sometimes clever and sometimes stupid, yet holding magical powers. He taught the Huichol many things through stories, including about sex. He is regarded as having often behaved questionably before becoming sacred.

Question 34

Within Ideational we have: (ideas are BB)

Answer 34

1)Beliefs
These are the ideas one has about the world, illness, and health

2)Behavior
How we treat the disease and see it causally.

Question 35

Our 21st century idea of Healthcare is all the result of

Answer 35

specific economic, social, political, and historical interactions

Question 36

Within each culture, there are two elements common to all- They are- (every culture is Ana - ideas and social)

Answer 36

ideation element and social element

Question 37

Professional Dominance theory

Answer 37

2) This theory looks at the way people with professional licenses are seen as dominant over those who do not have the same license or training. 

3) It has an inherently less neutral connotation when compared to other words like “professionalism.”

4) This is because it deals with such issues as trust, exploitation, and suppression of groups competing with the professionally dominant group such as medical doctors.

5) This term is used mostly in medical literature.

6) Michel Foucault produced this theory- more on him soon

Question 38

how did doctors become professionals?

Answer 38

Achieving standardization and cohesion within the profession

 2) Convincing the state to grant a monopoly
 3) Requiring medical licenses to practice medicine
 4) Gain public respect and persuade the public to accept the profession’s definitions of what problems should be brought to it for service

Question 39

Focault - in thegenealogyof medicine — knowledge about the human body — the termLe regard médical

Answer 39

(The medical gaze) identifies the doctor’s practice ofobjectifyingthe body of the patient, as separate and apart from his or herpersonal identity.

Question 40

Focault - In the treatment of illness, theintellectualand material structures ofla clinique,

Answer 40

the teaching hospital, made possible the inspection, examination, and analysis of the human body, yet the clinic was part of the socio-economic interests ofpower. Therefore, when the patient’s body entered the field of medicine, it also entered the field of power where the patient can be manipulated by theprofessional authorityof the medical gaze

Question 41

What actions are central to the professionalization process in medicine

Answer 41

certain level of education, to define illnesses and standardize treatment, an organization that upholds these ideas

Question 42

allopathy

Answer 42

a system of medical practice that aims to combat disease by use of remedies (as drugs or surgery) producing effects different from or incompatible with those produced by the disease being treated — compare homeopathy.

Question 43

Allopathic treatment is characterized by

Answer 43

“heroic” and invasive treatments such as bloodletting, purging, blistering, vomiting, surgery, and medicating with powerful drugs and poisons.

Question 44

Allopathic physicians called themselves

Answer 44

“regular, orthodox physicians.”

But most people went to other healers scared off by these intensive treatments!

Question 45

Biomedical approach based on Allopathic theory, does not take into account

Answer 45

cultural or social factors within a disease.

Question 46

in biomedicine, Disease is explained as a (disease is a deviant)

Answer 46

deviation from the norms of measurable biological variables

Question 47

DefinitionofHegemony.

Answer 47

1 : preponderant influence or authority over others : domination battled for hegemonyin Asia. 2 : the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group.

Question 48

Hegemony often has an ideological component:

Answer 48

that is, the ideas and beliefs behind it are serving a particular group’s interest.

Question 49

biomedical hedemony

Answer 49

State and federal and private agencies have been created for the training, administration, and delivery of health care
Society has transferred to physicians and agencies the exclusive right to determine what constitutes sickness, who is or might become sick, and what shall be done to such people