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XIO > Chem test 1-3 > Flashcards

Chem test 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

nonpolar with low boiling point

A

Alkanes, Alkenes, alkyne Cycloalkanes, cycloalkene and Cycloalkyne

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2
Q

carbonyl group (C=O) make the compound

A

polar

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3
Q

IUPAC name for ethers (u pac the oxy in ether)

A

use oxy on the end - methoxy

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4
Q

common name for ether ends in…

A

ether

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5
Q

when naming ethers (ether one side or the other)..

A

name the substituents on both sides in alphabetical order - don’t forget to number the smaller substituent where it attaches to the larger one

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6
Q

handedness

A

mirror image of your hand cannot be superimposed on each other - your thumbs would be on opposite sides

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7
Q

chiral

A

when an object has handedness - it can’t be superimposed

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8
Q

achiral (a chiral chair)

A

the chair in the mirror - it’s the same both ways

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9
Q

configurations (configure my stereo)

A

stereoisomers (cis and trans) can’t be rotated to match each other

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10
Q

anisole (ana at ocha)

A

benzene with OCH attached

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11
Q

IUPAC name for alcohols will end in

A

ol

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12
Q

constitutional isomers (same constitution, but different states in US)

A

same formula, different order of bonds

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13
Q

Alkylhalides functional group (FIB C)

A

carbon halogen bond - fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine

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14
Q

xylene - O, M, P

A

benzene w/ 2 CH3 in O, M or P position

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15
Q

they don’t do addition reactions

A

benzene

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16
Q

benzene + NO3

A

product will be NO2 attached to benzene ONLY in position 2, 3, or 4 + HOH. Will never be position 1.

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17
Q

benzene + SO3 reaction =

A

benezene with SO3H attached. No + left over, it’s just one compound being added.

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18
Q

organic compounds - characteristics

A

low boiling and melting points, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents

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19
Q

inorganic compounds - characteristics

A

high boiling and melting points, soluble in water, not soluble in organic solvents

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20
Q

carbonyl group (car bon twice)

A

C=O

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21
Q

enantiomers aka optical isomers

A

mirror image - NOT superimposable

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22
Q

formula for dehydration of OH is…(the product and the reagent also)

A

just the alcohol (whatever she gives you) PLUS H2SO4 = the product and H2O

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23
Q

wood alcohol (poison soaked wood) - ALSO IUPAC name

A

methanol. used as a solvent. colorless, miscible w/ water, toxic to humans

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24
Q

ethyl alcohol

A

present in beverages

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25
Q

isopropyl alcohol

A

rubbing alcohol, used as a solvent, not as toxic as methyl but still toxic

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26
Q

Ethylene glycol, a diol - description (ethyl is sweet but deadly)

A

slightly sweet, colorless, miscible w/ water. insoluble to nonpolar. lethal to animals

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27
Q

glycerol or glycerin - description - think vape

A

sweet tasting, colorless, miscible w/ water. nontoxic, used to make candy.

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28
Q

how to tell which has higher boiling point

A

more carbon = higher boiling point AND more branches = lower boiling point

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29
Q

if the product is CO2 and water (+ alkane), the reaction is..

A

combustion

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30
Q

alkene + H2O =

A

alcohol

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31
Q

when is Pd solvent used?

A

hydrogenation. alkene + H2

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32
Q

just C - H bonds are polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar

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33
Q

organic molecules have___bond

A

covalent

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34
Q

lin trig tetra

A

2, 3 and 4 groups attached to C

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35
Q

soluble organic compounds do not (water doesn’t do what)

A

conduct electricity

36
Q

when naming ethers..

A

divide on each side of the 0 - the longer chain is the parent, ie ethane, and the shorter is the oxy, methoxy. Full IUPAC name is methoxy ethane

37
Q

diene

A

2 double bonds - can be used for cyclo or line - any type

38
Q

when is Ccl4 or CH2Cl2 used as a solvent?

A

halogenation

39
Q

how to tell if you have a symmetric or unsymmetric alkene

A

look at the number of Hs on each side of the bond, and if they are different, it’s unsymmetric. ie - CH = CH2 - this is unsymmetric

40
Q

boiling point - trans alkenes

A

have lower boiling points and higher melting points

41
Q

boiling point - cis alkenes (cis mad)

A

generally more polar and less symmetrical, have higher boiling points and lower melting points

42
Q

alkenes and alkynes are more or less dense than water?

A

less

43
Q

rearrangement reactions

A

usually just moving the bond to a different spot or changing cis to trans

44
Q

rearrangement reactions

A

usually just moving the bond to a different spot or changing cis to trans

45
Q

in nitration of benzene

A

any H is replaced by NO2 and it becomes the benzene ring w/ NO2 + HOH or H20

46
Q

if asked to polymeryze just

A

change double bond to single bond and leave the 2 at the end empty - no hydrogens

47
Q

catalyst for nitration of benzene is (nitrate needs sulfuric)

A

H2SO4

48
Q

halogenation with Br the catalyst is

A

FeBr3

49
Q

halogenation with Cl the catalyst is

A

FeCl3

50
Q

with the benzene reactions

A

you’re going to be adding 2 - Brs or 2 Cls etc. Remember one is left over after one is added to the ring - so the product is the benzene ring w/ Br attached + H - Br

51
Q

to predict the polymerization or polymer, just..

A

change the double bond to a single bond and put the substituents on the top and bottom - repeat and put it in brackets with a little n at the bottom right corner. AND name it “poly something” like polystymer

52
Q

Diastereomers

A

two molecules with the same molecular formula and same connections. They are non-superimposable non-mirror images of each other

53
Q

common name for ether

A

alkyl alkyl ether

54
Q

IUPAC naming of ether

A

alkoxy - larger alkyl is the parent chain, smaller one is the oxy. ie methoxy ethane

55
Q

naming of ethers if you use oxy

A

you NEED to number the alkyl if it’s larger than 1. ie - 2-methoxy propane (the methyl group is on C # 2)

56
Q

even if the connections are different, molecules in a different order, etc. the are

A

ISOMERS. If it’s the same number, it’s an isomer

57
Q

even if the double bond is on a completely different molecule, it’s..

A

an ISOMER

58
Q

REMEMBER, if there is 2 or 3 alcohols (OHs) name it…

A

diol or triol - ex. butanetriol

59
Q

constitutional isomers can..

A

be the same even if one has a double bond and the other doesn’t, as long as they have the same # of Cs and Hs.

60
Q

xylene

A

benzene w/ 2 CH3s attached. Remember to use O,M, P

61
Q

3 reactions with aromatics (SHN - aroma)

A

sulfonication, nitration and halogenation

62
Q

OHCH2CH2OH

A

ethylene glycol

63
Q

reactions of alcohols

A

dehydration and oxidation

64
Q

when you oxidize an alcohol (add an {o})

A

the product is C=O and an H attached

65
Q

ethylene oxide (jolene ethylene in egypt)

A

pyramid with an O at the top

66
Q

tetrahydrofuran

A

tetra w/ O at the top

67
Q

1,4 dioxane

A

basically a hexane w/ an O at the top and an O at the bottom

68
Q

ethers boiling points

A

higher than alkanes but lower than alcohols

69
Q

O-CH as a subtituent is..

A

methoxy

70
Q

only time you don’t drop E

A

diols and thiols

71
Q

CH3CH2CH2CH2SH

A

1-butanethiol

72
Q

DONT FORGET CYCLO

A

JESUS

73
Q

OH has priority over

A

SH

74
Q

if SH is a substituent on a cylco, call it

A

mercapto, not thiol

75
Q

if you have a double bond and SH, number the..

A

double bond first - 2-butene (double bond on the 2) 1-thiol (SH on 1)

76
Q

benzyl (my methyl)

A

benzene with CH2

77
Q

OH has the highest

A

boiling point - more OHs, higher the boiling point

78
Q

must have a chiral carbon

A

entiomers

79
Q

if you see 2 molecules that are mirror images, it’s probably

A

an entiomer

80
Q

meso

A

more than 1 chiral center

81
Q

conformation (conform to alkane)

A

just rotating

82
Q

configuration

A

can’t be rotated around like conformation

83
Q

oxidation of secondary alcohol produces..(the key is #2)

A

ketone

84
Q

in oxidation…(remove your own oxygen)

A

you take away the 2 Hs, and replace them with a double bond between C and O. That’s it. C=O

85
Q

dehydration you are literally just…

A

removing your 2 neighbor’s Hs and replacing with a double bond

86
Q

can’t taste the candy cane

A

alkanes tasteless, nonpolar, insoluble in water

XIO (372 decks)

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