Male A&P Flashcards
Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct:
Male-Under exposure of testosterone develops into the male genitalia
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct
Male-regress due to mullerian inhibiting factor
Urogenital Development
Urogenital ridge: External genitalia, Prostate
Testosterone converts to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which drives the Prostate gland/urethra
Urogenital tubercle: Penis & Scrotum
testes
Oval organ, main function is producing and storing sperm. Produces testosterone and other male hormones (androgens). Contain coiled tubes-seminiferous tubules.
scrotum
Loose pouch-like sac that holds the testes. Ensures temp is sl. cooler than body temp
seminal vescicles (vessels for fluid)
Secretes fluid into the sperm ducts->semen
epididymis
(diddy my testicles)
coiled tube that connects to testicles - Sperm maturation/conc/storage
prostate gland does what?
Secretes fluid that activates sperm. A mixture of this and fluid is called semen
vas deferens
Carries sperm from testes to urethra
urethra
Carries sperm from sperm ducts to outside of the body
penis
The organ that deposits semen into the vagina
Testicular descent - when does it occur?
Initiates-7th month of gestation
In scrotum at birth
Failure to descend
Cryptorchidism (crypt orchid-ism)
Unilateral
Bilateral
Location/Function
Outside of the body
Temperature sensitive
Site of sperm production
Testosterone production
Spermatogenesis - where does it take place?
(semi-genesis)
site of spermatogensis is the Seminiferous tubules
Sperm development
Spermatogenesis
Mitosis->Meiosis I->Meiosis II
~74 days
Spermiogenesis
Spermatid->mature sperm
then a head Head
the head is covered with an Acrosome, which an enzyme to allow for oocyte penetration
Nucleus and genetic material
Midpiece - where the mitochondria is = bEnergy
Tail
Movement of the sperm
100 million+ reach maturity daily
Sperm maturation occurs where?
epidydymis - site of sperm maturation, concentration, storage. it’s another barrier as well.
Accessory Glands
(Peanut butterS)
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral
Testosterone
Important throughout male lifecycle
Reproductive effects
Secondary Sex characteristics
Non-reproduction
hormone cycle
hypothalymus secretes GnRH from anterior - then secretes FSH and LH - then FSH causes testes to develop sperm - and actives ledyig cells. testosterone regulates the whole system - it causes a negative feedback system telling gnRH to stop producing sperm. Inhibin also helps regulate.
testerone causes what feedback system?
negative
when you take testosterone
your fertility goes down
penis
3 columns
2->Corpora cavernosa
dorsal-central artery/elastic & connective tissue
Dilated arteries–>erection
1-> Copus spongiosum
Midventral-surrounds urethra
Ejaculation
Expulsion of
Fertilization - how many sperm?
200-600 million sperm deposited in vagina at ejaculation
how long to make sperm?
74 days
where is sperm produced and stored?
testes
where does spermatogenisis occur?
(spermatogenisis is S)
seminiferous tubules
what sperm structure provides enzymes for penetrating the oocyte (egg)
acrysome
which hormone from the pituatary facilitates spermatogenesis
FSH
where does spermatogenesis takes place (sperm is created).
Within the seminiferous tubules
leydeg cells
inside the seminiferous tubules - produce testosterone
sertoli cells - where are they?
inside the seminiferous tubules - produce androgen binding protein
if leydig and seretoli bind
they produce sperm
epididymis
to store and mature sperm (on top of the testicle (it has a head, body, and tail)
vas deferens connects to
epydidymis
orchipexy
surgery to descend testicles - usually done by 4th month, as late as a year and a half
cells involved in spermatogensis - Inside seminiferous tubules:
Germ cells (spermatogonium)
Sertoli cells
cells involved in spermatogensis -Outside tubules:
Leydig cells-Testosterone is produced here
vas deferens - and can indicate which disease carrier?
transport of sperm, distal (near prostate), stores sperm
absent of the vas deferens can indicate (CBA`VD) - cystic fibrosis carrier
vasectomy
cutting the vas deferens
capacitation
(don’t capitate the sperm)
Capacitation - allows for sperm to penetrate egg
~200 million arrive in fallopian tube (site of fertilization)
zona reaction
(zoning)
Sperm penetration-Zona reaction - this is when the egg hardens and other sperm can’t get in after fertilization
