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XIO > Maternity 7-1 > Flashcards

Maternity 7-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Standard of Care - on test

A

that level of practice that a reasonably prudent nurse would provide in the same or similar circumstances.

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2
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Mons Pubis: Fatty tissue over symphysis pubis (pubic bone)

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3
Q

Vulva (C LUV vulva)

A

Vulva: Collective term for labia, head of clitoris, urethral & vaginal openings

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4
Q

uterus - parts (uterus at CCF)

A

Cervix, Fundus, Corpus

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5
Q

Fundus

A

Fundus superior muscular portion of uterus

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6
Q

Corpus (corpse)

A

the body of organ

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7
Q

Uterine layers (end my peri)

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

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8
Q

Fallopian Tubes - what is the lumen like?

A

Fallopian Tubes- location of fertilization, tube which transports ova to uterus, narrow lumen easily scarred

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9
Q

Ovary-contains - and how many mature each month?

A

400,000 immature oocytes- usually one matures each month

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10
Q

3 phases of puberty (thelma, adrene, and mench are going through phases)

A

Thelarche, Adrenarche, Menarche

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11
Q

female puberty initated by (what structures)

A

the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and ovaries

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12
Q

Female Reproductive Cycle (over every reproductive cycle)

A

Ovarian Cycle
Endometrial Cycle
Regulating Hormonal Cycle
Cyclic Breast Changes

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13
Q

GnRH: (gonad is friends with fish)

A

GnRH: Released by hypothalamus. Targets anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.

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14
Q

FSH (fish is mature) and produced where?

A

FSH: Produced by Anterior Pituitary. Responsible for egg maturation in the ovary.

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15
Q

LH (the luetenant releases prisoners)

A

Responsible for release of egg from ovary.

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16
Q

Estrogen (Estradiol) (estrogen liners) and produced where?

A

Estrogen (Estradiol): Responsible for maintaining uterine lining. Produced by Ovaries.

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17
Q

Progesterone (lining for progeria)

A

Responsible for maintaining uterine lining.

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18
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis - the cycle of menses - the order of it

A

Hypothalamus- releases GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) which stimulates the

Anterior pituitary first releases FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) which stimulates graafian primordial follicles to mature

Anterior pituitary then releases LH (luteinizing hormone) which releases the ovum from one follicle

Empty follicle then becomes corpus luteum

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19
Q

Ovarian Cycle:
3 Phases (the ovaries fol)

A

Follicular Phase (1), Ovulatory Phase (2), Luteal Phase (3)

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20
Q

Endometrial/Uterine Cycle:
4 Phases (menstruate proliferatively w/ secretary ishmael)

A

Menstrual Phase (1), Proliferative Phase (2), Secretory Phase (3), Ischemic Phase (4)

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21
Q

Uterine Cycle - 3rd phase (the secretary ovulates and hormones increase)

A

Secretory Phase (3)
Begins with ovulation

Continued endometrial 	growth (estrogen)

Increase in progesterone = 	endometrial growth + gland 	growth

Increased vascularity If PREGNANCY occurs here, 	process stops
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22
Q

uterine cycle - 4th stage

A

Ischemic Phase (4) (if no fertilization):
Corpus luteum degenerates and becomes corpus albicans

Decrease in estrogen, 	progesterone

Necrosis under epithelial 	lining, small blood vessels 	rupture, arteries constrict 

Return to menstrual phase
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23
Q

2nd half of cycle - which hormone is more dominant?

A

more progesterone dominant

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24
Q

1st half of cycle

A

more estrogen dominant

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25
Q

LH - when does it start, and what does it do? (the leutenant triggers ava after 24 hours)

A

triggers ovulation - surge is 24 -36 hours before ovulation

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26
Q

corpus leutium - what does it make? (progesterone corpse)

A

shell - that makes progesterone

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27
Q

progesterone only around

A

after ovulation, bc it comes from the corpus luteum, which is the shell after ovulation.

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28
Q

Prostaglandins (prostie clots)

A

Lipids w/ hormone-like action.
Many roles in body functions including immune/clotting actions.

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29
Q

Cancers of the Reproductive Tract

A

Ovarian Cancer
Uterine/Endometrial Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Vaginal Cancer
Vulvar Cancer

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30
Q

Ovarian Cancer Symptoms:
“Silent Stalker” - symptoms (what about gi?)

A

General abdominal discomfort/pain
GI disturbance: nausea, diarrhea, constipation
Frequent urination
Feeling of fullness
Weight loss or gain
Vaginal bleeding
Back pain and fatigue
Painful intercourse

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31
Q

Ovarian Cancer: Risk Factors (ava cancer is all about the hormones) (ava is early and late)

A

Advancing age
Early menarche and late menopause
Having a first child after age 30

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32
Q

nursing care - ovarian cancer

A

indentify high risk, encourage regular GYN visits, provide emotional and phychological support, prepare for surgery, post surgery follow up care

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33
Q

Endometrial cancer - prognosis?

A

more frequent than cervical, but better prognosis.

Most common malignancy of reproductive system

Slow-growing and has a good prognosis if diagnosed at a localized stage

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34
Q

Endometrial cancer - risk factors (end the cancer w/ obesity with no children)

A

Obesity
Nulliparity

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35
Q

Endometrial Cancer:
Signs and Symptoms - just one

A

Abnormal Uterine bleeding.

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36
Q

Endometrial Cancer:
Diagnosis & Treatment

A

Endometrial biopsy
Total abdominal hysterectomy: uterus/cervix (TAH)
Bilateral salpingo (fallopian tubes) -oophorectomy (BSO)
Radiation
Radical hysterectomy
tissue)chemotherapy

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37
Q

Cervical cancer - what causes it? (cervical cancer is hip)

A

Cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix

Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) play a role in causing most cervical cancer.

38
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) - which types cause cancer?

A

Most common STI, More than 100 types – 5 cause warts, 8 of which may cause cancer, Types 16 and 18 responsible for almost all cervical cancers, Most times resolves spontaneously

39
Q

CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents***on test - what ages can you give it?

A

CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents at age 11 or 12 years. Vaccination can be started as early as age 9 years, and up to 26 years old for females.

40
Q

HPV

A

males ages 13 through 21 years,
* females ages 13 through 26 years
gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, transgender people,
persons with certain immunocompromising conditions ages 22 through 26 years

41
Q

HPV (16, 18)

A

HPV (16, 18) – responsible for 70-80% of cervical cancers

42
Q

risk factors of cervical cancer (cervi and birthy control)

A

Sexually active during adolescence
Multiple sexual partners
STI infections
Using Birth Control > 5 years
HIV
Smoking

43
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

A

may be asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, bleeding, pap smear screens for abnormal cervical tissue detects 90% of early cervical changes

44
Q

Pap screening - do what before the exam?

A

between menses.
48 hours prior to the scheduled Pap smear, the nurse advises the woman not to:
have intercourse
use tampons
use intravaginal medication
douche

45
Q

PID is caused by what?

A

an acute infection of the reproductive organs, generally caused by STIs. Most commonly caused by Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

46
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - infertility?

A

Affects ~ 1 million women annually
1 incidence of PID ~20% of women become infertile

47
Q

Predisposing Factors for PID - (Pitt has STDs and infections)

A

Hx untreated STD
Hx of PID
Chronic vaginal infection

48
Q

Signs and Symptoms of PID
- temp and discharge?

A

(
vary according to severity)
Temperature > 38.3 C (100.9 F)
Abnormal vaginal discharge

49
Q

PID treatment

A

Antibiotics
Treatment of sexual partner(s)
Comfort measures
Good perineal care
Semi-fowlers for drainage
Education and prevention
Safer sex
Avoid IUD contraception only if pt. has Hx of PID

50
Q

cervix

A

Cervix “neck” effaces and dilates to allow fetus to pass into vagina

51
Q

fundus

A

Fundus superior muscular portion of uterus

52
Q

corpus

A

Corpus the body of organ

53
Q

uterine layers

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

54
Q

ovaries produce what? (3 things) ovaries are your enemy

A

estrogen, progesterone, and androgens

55
Q

Thelarche

A

breast buds

56
Q

Adrenarche

A

axillary/pubic hair

57
Q

Menarche

A

menstruation, average age is 12 in U.S.

58
Q

GnRH - stimulates what?

A

Indirectly stimulates progesterone/estrogen production
feedback system

59
Q

progesterone - fluctuations in levels (progeria rises to the leutenant)

A

Low levels in follicular phase, rises in luteal phase

60
Q

where is progesterone produced? (2 places)

A

Produced in ovary (corpus luteum) and small amount from adrenals.

61
Q

ovarian cycle - Follicular Phase (follicles first) when does it occur?

A

Pre-ovulatory first two weeks (on average)

62
Q

ovarian cycle - ovulatory phase - what day?

A

Ovulation occurs Day 14 (varies by individual)

63
Q

ovarian cycle - luteal phase - what days? (leutenant is last)

A

Post-ovulatory Day 14-28

64
Q

endometrial cycle - menstrual phase

A

1-5 days
Endometrial cells shed

65
Q

endometrial cycle - Proliferative Phase (2) - growth? (proliferative growth 68 times)

A

Endometrial growth 6-8x

66
Q

prostaglandins - released how?

A

Released by tissues throughout body.

67
Q

prostaglandin - hormonal changes do what? (prostie contracts)

A

Respond to hormonal changes of menstrual cycle.
Cause muscle contraction during menstrual cycle.

68
Q

ovarian cancer - risk factors (ava at risk w/ breast and colon)

A

Personal or familial history of breast or colon cancer

69
Q

endometrial cancer - risk factors (end the cancer w/ DM and HTN hormones)

A

DM
HTN
Family History
Hormone imbalance*

70
Q

endometrial cancer - risk factors (end the cancer with late menopause and Infertility)

A

Late onset Menopause
Infertility

71
Q

PID - Increased incidence of

A

ectopic pregnancy

72
Q

PID - does what to the body?

A

scar tissue both outside and inside the fallopian tubes that can lead to tubal blockage;
Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain.

73
Q

s/sx of PID - pain? (Pitt is low)

A

Lower abdominal tenderness/pain
 menstrual cramping
Dyspareunia (vaginal pain)

74
Q

PID - smell?

A

Foul smelling menstrual flow
Malaise

75
Q

PID - cramping? (Pitt gets crampy once in awhile)

A

Sub acute: dull intermittent cramping

76
Q

proliferative phase - glands and mucus (the pH?)

A

Glands enlarge (estrogen)
Cervical mucus-thin, watery, alkaline, elastic

77
Q

endometrial cancer - late signs (ending late due to pain)

A

vaginal discharge
low back pain
pelvic pain

78
Q

ovarian cancer - risk factors - (ava is early and late w/ drugs and fat)

A

History of fertility drugs
High fat diet

79
Q

predisposing factors for PID (Pitt has multiple partners)

A

IV drug use
Multiple sexual partners or partner with multiple sexual partners
Increased incidence in young women (sexually active and 25 years or younger

80
Q

predisposing factors PID (Pitt is a douche who uses IUD)

A

Douche
After IUD placement (3 weeks)

81
Q

vestibule

A

area inside inner labia

82
Q

what hormone triggers puberty?

A

gnrh

83
Q

fsh and lh

A

fish matures and lh releases the prisoner

84
Q

hgc

A

tells corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone. if no hgc, progesterone signals gnrh to start the cycle again bc there is no fetus.

85
Q

Endometrial biopsy

A

goes through the cervix

86
Q

Radical hysterectomy

A

hysterectomy + ligaments, part of vagina, surrounding

87
Q

Most common STI

A

HPV

88
Q

HPV vaccine for males - what ages

A

13-21

89
Q

HPV screening

A

21-24, no screening. 25-29 - every 5 years, age 30-65 - every 5 years, over 65 - no screening, hysterectomy - no screening.

90
Q

does genital warts cause cervical cancer?

A

NO

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