Fund 51 pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

pneumonia is (pneumonia is on fire)

A

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (connective and supportive tissue) caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses

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2
Q

aspiration pneumonia is

A

the worst. acid that breaks down food enters lungs. something in lungs not supposed to be there. Direct toxic inoculum of the lower airways (gastric acid, infection, obstruction d/t uncleared fluid or particulates, inflammatory processes from bacterial infection)

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3
Q

pneumonia - Nosocomial infections 15% - from what surgeries?

A

pneumonia - post op surgical, lower abdominal and thoracic surgeries usually

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4
Q

normal effects of aging

A

1) a decline in elasticity of the bony thorax, 2) a loss of muscle mass with weakening of the muscles of respiration and reduced mechanical advantage, 3) a decrease in alveolar gas exchange surface and 4) a decrease in central nervous system responsiveness, which have anatomical, mechanical and functional consequences.

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5
Q

give antibotics for pneumonia within (NOT 3)

A

6 hrs of admission to hospital and blood cultures right away

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6
Q

early signs - (pneumonia is a dull disease when percussed)

A

Early Signs and Symptoms
Increase work of breathing, HR, RR
Fever, chills diaphoresis at rest
Crackles, rhonchi, dullness to percussion
Productive cough, on purulent spectrum
Pleuritic chest pain
If bacterial, increased WBC (neutrophilia & left shift)
CXR: localized densities/opacities

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7
Q

double or triple calories for

A

fighting an infection. 6x for burns.

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8
Q

if not getting better in 24 - 48 hrs,

A

need to rethink treatment

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9
Q

humidify (pneumonia needs moisture)

A

air

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10
Q

chest PT (pneumonia is the whole band)

A

percussion and vibration

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11
Q

over 19 (vaccine)

A

can get the vaccine. Recommended for all adults 65 years of age or older and 19 years or older with conditions that weaken the immune system

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12
Q

type of lung sound (I’m fine and inspired by crackling pneumonia)

A

fine crackling.

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13
Q

auto digestion of lung parameta

A

happens with aspirational pneumonia

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14
Q

aspirational risks

A

Risks include neurologic disorders, reduced consciousness, vomiting, witnessed aspiration
NGT, ventilators, airways, sedation, positioning, poor oral hygiene, maxofacial/oral, head, neck surgeries

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15
Q

pneumonia oral hygiene - how many times a day

A

plaque can cause aspirational. should brush 3X a day and at bedtime.

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16
Q

Lung Abscess - telltale sign (leather for my PP L)

A

Most are a complication of bacterial pneumonia. telltale sign is pleural friction rub. IV antibiotic therapy for 3 weeks or longer, followed by oral antibiotics for 4 to 12 weeks

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17
Q

Lung Abscess - exercises (abcesses need breathe and cough)

A

deep breathing and coughing exercises

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18
Q

TB is

A

AFB - acidfast bacillus

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19
Q

TB patho

A

Highly communicable (aerosolization)
Immunosuppression allows spread and may also create a false negative PPD
Exudative response  pneumonitis
Bacilli multiplication usually controlled
Walled off in tissues (collagen fibrosis)
Necrotic tissue  lesion  calcifies or liquefies & spreads  cavity

20
Q

TB pts must remain in isolation how long? (you know this)

A

Must remain in isolation until 3 consecutive sputum cultures are negative

21
Q

TB type of sputum (I can’t eat with TB and I’m a little rusty)

A

mucopurulent sputum. also rusty colored.

22
Q

no underlying risk factors TB mm

A

15 mm or greater - visual and feel

23
Q

TB therapy

A

Initial treatment phase (8 weeks)
Continuation phase (4 to 7 months). can last for 4, 6, 9 months up to a year.

24
Q

TB lung sounds (rhonda has TB)

A

rales (crackles) or rhonchi.

25
Q

TB actions

A

Actions/Rationales
Humidified oxygen
Airborne/AFB isolation
Antibiotics
Nutrition
Teaching – testing for close contacts; completion of meds, support systems

26
Q

TB nursing intervetions - when to take TB meds? (I can’t eat with TB)

A

Watch for signs and symptoms of medication side effects (take on empty stomach or at least one hour before meals)
Patients taking INH should avoid foods containing tyramine and histamines
Rifampin will discolor body fluids and can increased metabolism of other medications, making them less effective

27
Q

can asthma cause atelectisis?

A

yes

28
Q

increased tactile fremitis is what disease? (pneumonia is super tacky)

A

pneumonia

29
Q

decreased tactile fremitus and hyperresonant percussion sounds are what disease? (emphsyma is hyper not tacky)

A

emphysema

30
Q

coarse, moist, high-pitched, and non-continuous sounds that do not clear with coughing

A

crackles

31
Q

rust colored sputum

A

pneumonia

32
Q

lung sound for collapsed alveoli (crack collapsed)

A

crackles

33
Q

A client seeks medical attention for a hoarseness that has lasted for more than 2 weeks. Which additional finding indicates to the nurse that the client may need to be evaluated for cancer of the larynx? (cancer makes my throat hurt)

A

sore throat

34
Q

Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client undergoing a laryngectomy?

A

Ineffective airway clearance

35
Q

enlarged adenoids. caused by

A

noisy breathing

36
Q

enlarged adenoids. caused by

A

noisy breathing

37
Q

OSA causes

A

morning headaches and polycythemia (high RBCs)

38
Q

endotracheal tube - sign of life threatening situation?

A

sudden restlessness

39
Q

emphasyma breath sounds

A

Faint breath sounds with prolonged expiration

40
Q

laryngectomy

A

A humidification system

41
Q

angioedema can cause

A

life-threatening airway obstruction.

42
Q

what is one main symptom of pulmonary hypertension?

A

dyspnea

43
Q

After undergoing a left thoracotomy, encourage

A

coughing and deep breathing

44
Q

pneumonia early - how is respiration?

A

RRED assessment = rapid and shallow

45
Q

pneumonia early - can they exercise?

A

Subjective complaints of fatigue or dyspnea with exertion
Activity intolerance

46
Q

pneumonia early - ABGs and acidosis or alkylosis? (think - rapid breathing)

A

ABG: hypoxemia with respiratory alkalosis