Chem test 1-2 Flashcards
ethers - H bonding
cannot be the H bonding donor, no H bonding within themselves,
R-O-R
ether
low boiling point
ether
common ether naming
di alkyl ether
CH3-O-CH3
dimethyl ether
alkoxy group
It’s just any alkyl group bonded to an oxygen. R-O-R
CH3-O
methoxy
when naming alkoxy
first R is the smaller alkyl group, then oxy, then the larger alkane name
CH3CH2-O-CH3 name…
methoxy ethane
only consider iso goes..
alphabetically
anisol (ana at ochsha)
benzene with OCH3 on very top
in dehydration reaction, you need to take the H from (Don’t dehydrate your neighbor)
the C NOT attached to the OH group -
oxidation is…(definition)
increase in the number of C-O bonds, or decreases the number of C-H bonds
in oxidation, you take the H from (give your neighbor oxygen)
the C attached to the O
in dehydration of alcohol, the product is
H20
for dehydration of alcohol, all you are doing is..
getting rid of the OH, and getting rid of one H on either of the adjacent carbons attached to the OH.
aldehyde functional group (chew the hyde)
CHO - the O can be a double bond
ketone functional group
C=O
you can only oxidize
primary and secondary alcohols
you cannot oxidize
tertiary alcohols - there is no H to remove - it’s just a C in the middle with no Hs attached
benzene w/ OH attached is called…(pheral w/ benz)
phenol
phenyl
is just a benzene as a side chain minus one H - C6H5
benzyl (benzyl my methyl)
a benzene attached to a CH2
common name example
ethyl alcohol
carbonyl group (carbunkle gets double and single)
just a carbon attached to O with double bond C=O
organic oxidation
increases number of O bonds or decreases number of H bonds
organic reduction (reduce the O!)
decreases number of O bonds or increases number of H bonds
ketones (key key key it twice)
C-C-C=O
when oxidized, primary alcohols become…
aldhydes
when oxidized, secondary alcohols become…
ketones
when oxidized, tertiary alcohols become…
no reaction - no H to donate
to name ethers…
look at the branches on either side of the O, and then add ether to the end. ie - CH3 - O - CH3 is dimethyl ether
alkoxy group
an OR group in a chain, ie - CH3CH2O is ethoxy - but it will be part of a larger chain
when oxidized, thiols become…
disulfides
amine functional group
NH2
amide functional group
NH2 = O
thiols functional group
SH
disulfide functional group
R-S-S-R
Alkylhalides functional group
carbon halide bond
geometric isomers (bondage geometry)
same formula, but different bond for example
structural isomers (your sis is structured)
cis and trans
bond rotation of alkane
sigma bonds, rotate freely - conformation
bond rotation alkene and alkyne
none
bond angle alkane (kane on the radio)
109.5
bond angle alkene (keen for 120 min)
120
bond angle for alkyne (kyna is fast)
180
combustion of alkene (poodle)
Cn2n + (3n/2) O2 = n CO2 + n H2O
combustion of alkane
CnH2n+2 + (3n+1)/2 O2 = n CO2 + (n+1) H2O
combustion of alkyne (kyne minus 2)
CnH2n-2 + (3n-1)/2 O2 = n CO2 + n H2O
