growth and development pp Flashcards
Growth
Increase in body, size, weight
Quantitative progress
Physical change
External in nature
Stops at certain stage
Physical progress
development- qualitative or quantative?
Not indicative
Qualitative progress
Psychological change
Internal in nature
Continuous process
Cognitive progress
Cephalocaudal Development
Development from head downward
gains control of head first, then arms, then legs
Head develops more rapidly
Brain regulates breathing
Proximodistal Development
Growth from the center or midline toward the periphery
Starts at trunk
Development is bilateral or symmetric
Brain and spinal cord need to mature to coordinate arm and leg control
Weight - Birth to two weeks (you know this)
Normally lose 5% to 10% of birth weight
height - Birth -6 months
(height at 6 and a half)
Grow ½ inch a month (1.5 cm)
height - 6-12 months
Growth rate slower than first 6 months
Slows to 3/8 in (1 cm) a month
height - By 12 months
(not as much as weight)
50% increase in height from the birth length
Growth in “spurts’ rather than gradually
Increase mainly in trunk
Head Growth - 1-4 months
1.5 cm (1/2 inch) per month
Head Growth - 4-6 months
1 cm (0.4inch) per month
Head Growth - 10-12 months
(on my bday my chest equals my head)
Equals chest circumference
Head Growth - By 12 months - when do fontanels close?
(fountains at christmas)
infant’s brain 2/3 size of adults
Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months
Chest Measurement- where to place tape measure?
Place tape measure just under the axilla and at the nipple line
Record the circumference to the nearest 0.5 cm or 1/4 inch
Chest circumference approximately equals head circumference by 1 year old
Growth Chart
-Children ages 0 to 59 month
Birth – 36 months (birth-24 months)
2 -18 years
growth chart measures
weight, height, head circumference
The WHO growth charts are standards
identify how children should grow when provided optimal conditions
Gross Motor Development
(gross, start at the top and move down)
Infant will have gross motor trunk control from Head to Stomach during the first six months
Control from waist to feet during the last six months
Movement /Motor Development - 2 months
(2 tummies)
Can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on tummy
Makes smoother movements with arms and legs
Movement /Motor Development - 4 months
(4 feet on the ground)
Holds head steady, unsupported
Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface
May be able to roll over from tummy to back
Can hold a toy and shake it and swing at dangling toys
Brings hands to mouth
head lag - 1, 2, and 4 months
(just complete, partial, no)
Control while being pulled to sitting position
1-month complete head lag
2-months partial head
4-months almost no head lag
Movement /Motor Development - 6-months
(6 rolls)
Rolls over in both directions (front to back, back to front)
Begins to sit without support
When standing, supports weight on legs and might bounce
Rocks back and forth, sometimes crawling backward before moving forward
Head Control While Prone - 1-month
(just one moment one month)
1-month momentarily lifts head
Head Control While Prone - 4 -months
(4 square is 90 degrees)
lifts head and chest 90* and bears weight
Head Control While Prone - 6 -months
(6 months yoga)
6-months lifts head, chest, and upper abdomen and can bear weight on hands
this position facilitates turning from abdomen to back
Development of Sitting - 1month
Back is completely rounded
No ability to sit upright
Development of Sitting - 2 months
Exhibits more control;
back is still rounded, but infant can try to pull up some
Development of Sitting - 4 months
4-months
Back is rounded only in lumbar area;
Infant able to sit erect with good head control
Development of Sitting - 7 months
(sitting in 7th heaven)
Can sit alone, leaning on hands for support
Transferring of objects occurs
Development of Sitting - 8 months
(perfect 8)
Infant sits without support
crawling
(crawling sex)
6-7 months
creeping
(creepy nine lives)
9 months
walk with assist
(about a year)
11 months
walk alone
12 months
locomotion- 7 months
(7th heaven, full on feet)
bears full weight on feet
locomotion - 8 months
(8 on it’s side is kneeling baby)
can maneuver from sitting to kneeling position
locomotion - 8 - 9 months
(9 pieces of furniture)
months can stand holding onto furniture
locomotion - 9 -10 months
while standing, infant takes deliberate steps. infant crawls with abdomen on floor and pulls self forward and then
Infant who does not pull to a standing position by 11-12 months
should be further evaluated for possible developmental dysplasia of the hip.
fine motor - 2 -3 months
grasp object
fine motor - 7 months (2 fingers grasp)
transfer object between hands
fine motor - 10 months (10 pinches)
pincer grasp
fine motor - 11 months (11 containers in heaven)
removes objects from containers
fine motor - 12 months
(1 year in 2 blocks)
builds tower of 2 blocks
Crude or gross hand control during first six months
first six months
begins pincer grasp after
(sex pinches)
6 months
Cognitive Development - 2 months
(2 eyes follow)
Pays attention to faces
Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people at a distance
Begins to act bored (cries, fussy) if activity doesn’t change
Cognitive Development - 4 months
(happy with 4 square and reaching for a toy)
Lets you know if she is happy or sad
Responds to affection
Reaches for toy with one hand
Uses hands and eyes together, such as seeing a toy and reaching for it
Follows moving things with eyes from side to side
Watches faces closely
Recognizes familiar people and things at a distance
Cognitive Development - 6 months
(curious sex)
Looks around at things nearby
Brings things to mouth
Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of reach
Begins to pass things from one hand to the other
Cognitive Development - 9 months
(9 lives playing peek a boo)
Watches the path of something as it falls
Looks for things he sees you hide
Plays peek-a-boo
Puts things in her mouth
Moves things smoothly from one hand to the other
Picks up things like cereal o’s between thumb and index finger
language - 2 months
Coos, makes gurgling sounds
Turns head toward sounds