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XIO > growth and development - adolescent > Flashcards

growth and development - adolescent Flashcards

1
Q

School-age years

A

6 through 12 years
* Begins with entry into school
* Growing intellectual skills
* Physical ability
* Independence
* Impact on development and relationships

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2
Q

School-age years - Use feedback from

A
  • Adults
  • Peers
  • Their own self-evaluation
  • To judge their competencies
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3
Q

Sensory Ability

A

Can Read
* Concentrate for longer periods
* By filtering out surrounding sounds

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4
Q

Language Development -Communication

A
  • Efficient language skills
  • Important linguistic accomplishments
  • Correct syntax, improved grammar, word usage * 􏰀Metalinguistic awareness􏰁
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5
Q

ID, Ego, Superego

is your ego realistic?

A

ID - basic sexual energy
* Ego: realistic part of the
person
* Superego: moral ethical system

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6
Q

ego

A

Ego diverts impulses and protects itself – using defense mechanisms
* Regression- an unconscious defense mechanism, which causes the temporary or long-term reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development
* Repression
* Rationalization
* Fantasy

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7
Q

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development- when is the latency period?

A
  • 6-12 years
  • “latency” period of
  • Sexual energy at rest
  • Relationships – same sex peers
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8
Q

Buddies

A

Having good relationships
*
* Are less lonely
* Less depressed
* Miss fewer days of school
* Enjoy school more

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9
Q

Social Development

A
  • Importance of the peer group
  • Identification with peers is a strong influence in child gaining
    independence from parents
  • Sex roles strongly influenced by peer relationships * Self-confidence
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10
Q

Characteristics

A
  • Sensitive about being compared to peers
  • Prefers same gender playmates; gender identification is strong
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11
Q

Relationships with Peers

A
  • Formation of formalized groups or clubs * Code of rigid rules
  • Exclusiveness – privilege to join
  • Uniform – special words
  • Password
  • Modes of dress
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12
Q

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development - Theoretical Framework

A
  • Identified a crisis
  • A challenge at that stage
  • Leads to - Healthy personality development
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13
Q

Sense of industry

A
  • Erikson
  • Successful completion of 1st 3 stages requires
  • Loving environment
  • Stable family unit
  • Prepares child to engage in experiences and relationships beyond the family
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14
Q

Erikson:
Developing a
Sense of
Industry - characteristics of what stage? it’s in the name

A
  • Eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful and socially useful work
  • Gives them a sense of self worth
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15
Q

Sense of industry

(the industry is valuable)

A
  • Learn the value of doing things with others
  • Volunteer
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16
Q

Erikson’s – 6-12 years

(sex inferiority)

A

INDUSTRY Vs INFERIORITY
* New interest
* Involvement in
activities
* Pride in accomplishments
* Sense of achievement

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17
Q

Sense of industry - works well w/ or w/out ppl?

(motivated by the industry)

A

Motivated to complete tasks * Working alone
* Working with others

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18
Q

School-Age
Child (2 of 6)

(2 equals 3 Cs)

A

*Conservation
* Cognitive development
* Concrete operations

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19
Q

School-age years

A
  • Thinking is concrete
  • Thinking and reasoning is more logical
  • Organized
  • Example
  • Classify objects in different ways
  • Baseball cards by teams, playing position, league, etc.
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20
Q

Piaget 7-11 years

A

Characteristics of stage
Understand cause and effect
Concept of conservation
* Capable of mature thought
* When allowed to manipulate objects
Nursing Applications
* Use concrete objects in teaching * Give clear instructions about
details of treatment
* Show the child equipment

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21
Q

kohlberg - moral development - what is the basic concept?

(lump of kohl)

A

reward and punishment

= reward and punishment, older school age = able to judge and act by the intentions that prompted it. rules and judgements become more founded on needs and desires of others

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22
Q

Sexuality

A
  • Help them develop healthy self-image * Interested in sexual issues
  • Schools & families provide information * Safe touch
  • Information on trusted adults
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23
Q

Nurse􏰀s Role in Sex Education

A
  • Treat sex as normal part of growth and development
  • Questions and answers
  • Differentiate between􏰀sex􏰁and􏰀sexuality􏰁
  • Values, problem-solving skills
  • Open for communication with parents
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24
Q

Sex Education

A

Sex play as part of normal curiosity during preadolescence
* Middle childhood is ideal time for formal sex education
* Life span approach
* Information on sexual maturity and
process of reproduction
* Effective communication with parents

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25
Q

School-Age Child )

A
  • Mature understanding of language
  • Sexuality
  • Application to nursing care
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26
Q

Spiritual development- school age

A
  • Family beliefs
  • God as human
  • Punishment fits the crime
  • View illness or injury as punishment
  • Comforted by prayer
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27
Q

Stress

A
  • Peer pressure
  • Parent pressure
  • Over programmed with activities
  • Stomach pains or headache
  • Sleep problems
  • Bed-wetting
  • Changes in eating habits
  • Aggressive or stubborn behavior
  • Reluctance to participate
  • Regression to earlier behaviors ( thumb sucking)
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28
Q

Stress Reduction for Children

A
  • Relaxation techniques
  • Deep-breathing exercises
  • Progressive relaxation of muscle groups * Positive imagery
  • Physical activity
  • Promote good sleeping habits
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29
Q

Healthy Lifestyle

A
  • Good Nutrition
  • Appropriate calories, fats, proteins * Reduced sugars
  • Good Oral Health
  • Adequate Physical Activity
  • Healthy Relationships * Family and peers
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30
Q

Nutrition

A
  • Independence
  • Formation of habits
  • Independent food choices
  • Discuss weight changes
  • Discuss usual meal routines and favorite foods
31
Q

Physical activity

A
  • Family activities * Take walks
  • Bike rides
  • Run races
  • Jump rope * Play games * Swimming
  • HAVE FUN!!!
32
Q

Injury Prevention

A
  • Most common cause of severe injury and death in school-age children is motor vehicle crashes—pedestrian and passenger
  • Bicycle injuries/skateboarding—benefits of bike helmets * Appropriate safety equipment for all sports
33
Q

Anticipatory Guidance— Care of Families

A
  • Parents adjust to child􏰀s increasing independence
  • Parents provide support as unobtrusively as possible
  • Child moves from narrow family relationships to broader world of relationships
34
Q

Adolescence

A
  • Psychosocial development * Independence
  • Identity
  • Peers
  • Language use
  • Exploration and rebellion * Need for privacy
  • Sexuality
35
Q

Adolescent

A
  • 12-18 years
  • Begins with entry into
    teen years
  • Mature cognitive thought
  • Formation of identity
  • Influence of peers
36
Q

Adolescents

A
  • As teenagers gain independence they begin to challenge values * Critical of adult authority
  • Relies on peer relationship
  • Mood swings especially in early adolescents
37
Q

12–18 years

A
  • Sports—ball games, gymnastics, water and snow skiing/boarding, swimming, school sports
  • School activities—drama, yearbook, class office, club participation
  • Quiet activities—reading, schoolwork, television, computer, video games, music
38
Q

12–18 years - communication

A

Increasing communication and time with peer group— movies, dances, driving, eating out, attending sports events
* Applying abstract thought and analysis in conversations at home and school

39
Q

Activities

A
  • Sports- ball games, water & snow skiing/boarding, school sports * School activities- drama, yearbook, class office, clubs
  • Quiet activities- reading, school work, computer, video games
  • Driving
  • Hanging out * Peer group
40
Q

Communication

A
  • Understands all parts of speech * Slang
  • Study a foreign language
  • Establish close ties with peers
  • Wants to be different * Try new roles
41
Q

Physical Development

A
  • Most teens enter puberty by age 15.
  • Girls rapid growth right before their first menstrual period
  • By age 15, girls are near their adult height.
  • Boys usually continue to grow taller and gain weight through their teen years.
42
Q

Fine Motor Ability

A

Skills are well developed * Art
* Music
* Polishing nails
* Applying make-up

43
Q

Gross Motor Ability

A
  • New sports activities
  • Muscle development continues
  • Some lack of coordination common during growth spurt * Increased appetite
44
Q

Sensory & Motor Ability

A
  • Fully developed
  • May be a little awkward or clumsy.
  • Their brains need time to adjust to longer limbs and bigger bodies.
  • Getting regular moderate exercise can improve coordination and help your child build healthy habits.
45
Q

adolescent - Cognitive Development - what do they think about their ideas?

A
  • Understand abstract ideas such as morality. * Understand other people better.
  • Begin to have empathy
  • Others have different ideas,
  • Strongly believe that their own ideas are the most true.
  • Emergence of formal operational thought * Think about possibilities
  • Future work, college
46
Q

Psychosocial Development During
adolescence
AGE: 12-18 years

A
  • Activities
  • Communication
47
Q

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development - what ages?

A
  • 12 years to adult
  • Mature sexuality achieved
  • Physical growth is completed * Relationships
48
Q

Nursing applications - Adolescent

A

Freud: Genital stage
Focus on genital function and relationships
* Ensure access to gynecologic care for females * Testicular exams for males
* Ensure privacy during health care
* Provide information on sexuality
* Have brochures and videos available for teaching

49
Q

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A
  • Identified a crisis
  • A challenge
  • Healthy personality development
50
Q

Erikson: 12-18 years

A
  • IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
  • New sense of identity
  • Examines and redefines self
51
Q

Erikson -
Adolescent

A

Search for self-identity
Adolescent
* Leads to independence from parents * Reliance on peers

52
Q

Nursing Applications - Adolescent

A
  • Provide privacy
  • Interview and examine adolescent without parents present, if
    possible
  • Encourage adolescent participation in treatment and decision making
  • Encourage visitation of peers
  • Provide separate recreation room
  • Introduce teen to other teens with same health problem
  • Provide written & verbal explanations
53
Q

Sexuality

A

Maturation of body & increased secretion of hormones
* Achieves sexual maturity
* Interest in sexuality, romantic relationships, sexual relationships * Focus on family an d society
* Identity formation

54
Q

Emotional and Social Development

A
  • Finding their place in the world
  • “Who am I?”
  • “HowdoIfitin?”
  • So it is normal for their emotions to change from day to day.
55
Q

Heath Promotion & Maintenance

A
  • Basically healthy * Minor illness
  • Immunizations
  • Sports exam
  • Birth control * Injury
56
Q

Our Policy On Confidentiality

A
  • Our discussions with you are private. We hope that you feel free to talk openly with us about yourself and your health. Information is not shared with other people unless we are concerned that someone is in danger.
57
Q

HEEADSSSS

A
  • H–Home
  • E – Education/Employment * E – Exercise/Eating
  • A – Activities
  • D – Drugs
  • S – Suicidality/Depression
  • S – Sexuality
  • S – Safety
  • S – Spirituality
58
Q

Nutrition

A
  • Well balanced diet to support growth * Usually don’t eat well
  • Follow peers
  • Identify youth with eating disorder
  • Try - Vegetarian, vegan, no carbohydrate
59
Q

Physical Activity

A
  • Inadequate physical activity
  • Recommend 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous activity * Athletes – nutritional supplements
60
Q

Signs of Depression & Substance Abuse

A

Depression
* Changes in appetite & weight
* Changes in sleep pattern
* Changes in school performance
* Physical complaints
* Substance abuse
* Changes in school performance, sleep, & appetite
* Unusual behavior, such as getting in trouble in school
* Lack of responsibility for actions
* Increased mood changes

61
Q

Immunizations

A
  • Tdap – Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis * HPV – Human papillomavirus
  • Meningococcal
  • Flu - influenza
62
Q

Injury Prevention Strategies

A
  • Injury – greatest health hazard * Automobile crashes
  • Boats, jet skis, tools
  • Drowning
  • Sun
  • Firearms * Sports
  • Abuse
63
Q

Piaget: Cognitive Development - Formal Operational 11- adulthood

A
  • Fully mature intellectual attained
  • Thinks abstractly about objects & concepts
  • Different alternatives or outcomes
64
Q

Piaget: Formal Operational Stage 12-18 years

A

Characteristics of stage
* Capable of mature, abstract thought
Nursing Applications
* Clear information about care & treatments
* Written & verbal instructions
* Provide information about their disease

65
Q

Kohlberg: Moral Development

A
  • Development of conscience and moral standards
  • Older school age—able to judge an act by the intentions that
    prompted it
  • Rules and judgments become more founded on needs and desires of others
66
Q

Planning Assessments

A
  • The nurse must assess a child according to developmental age.
  • Make comparisons between actual and expected age based on physical,
    cognitive, and psychosocial changes at each stage.
  • Make referrals for disparity between actual and expected age.
67
Q

Planning Assessments - School-age

A

School-age
* Plan assessments based on:
* Growing interest in peer group and extracurricular activities.
* Growth spurt occurring earlier in girls than boys.
* Ability to think about solutions and determine the best among several
alternatives.
* Understanding of the concept of conservation.

68
Q

Planning Assessments - Adolescence

A

Adolescence
* Plan assessments based on:
* Child undergoing identity formation.
* Sexual maturity nearing completion.
* Formal operational thought processes becoming possible.

69
Q

erikson - sense of industry - Nursing Application

A

Nursing Application
* Encourage child to continue school work while hospitalized
* Bring favorite pastimes to hospital
* Help adjust to limitations on favorite activities

70
Q

conservation - what age? and what is it?

A

age 2-6. Conservation is the realization that quantity or amount does not change when nothing has been added or taken away from an object or a collection of objects

71
Q

girls - physical growth during growth spurt

A

gain between 15-55 lbs, and grow 2.5 - 20 cm

72
Q

boys - physical growth during growth spurt

A

gain 15-65 lbs and grokw 11-30 cm

73
Q

kohlberg - when is development of conscience?

A

development of conscience, age 6- 7

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