growth and development - adolescent Flashcards
School-age years
6 through 12 years
* Begins with entry into school
* Growing intellectual skills
* Physical ability
* Independence
* Impact on development and relationships
School-age years - Use feedback from
- Adults
- Peers
- Their own self-evaluation
- To judge their competencies
Sensory Ability
Can Read
* Concentrate for longer periods
* By filtering out surrounding sounds
Language Development -Communication
- Efficient language skills
- Important linguistic accomplishments
- Correct syntax, improved grammar, word usage * Metalinguistic awareness
ID, Ego, Superego
is your ego realistic?
ID - basic sexual energy
* Ego: realistic part of the
person
* Superego: moral ethical system
ego
Ego diverts impulses and protects itself – using defense mechanisms
* Regression- an unconscious defense mechanism, which causes the temporary or long-term reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development
* Repression
* Rationalization
* Fantasy
Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development- when is the latency period?
- 6-12 years
- “latency” period of
- Sexual energy at rest
- Relationships – same sex peers
Buddies
Having good relationships
*
* Are less lonely
* Less depressed
* Miss fewer days of school
* Enjoy school more
Social Development
- Importance of the peer group
- Identification with peers is a strong influence in child gaining
independence from parents - Sex roles strongly influenced by peer relationships * Self-confidence
Characteristics
- Sensitive about being compared to peers
- Prefers same gender playmates; gender identification is strong
Relationships with Peers
- Formation of formalized groups or clubs * Code of rigid rules
- Exclusiveness – privilege to join
- Uniform – special words
- Password
- Modes of dress
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development - Theoretical Framework
- Identified a crisis
- A challenge at that stage
- Leads to - Healthy personality development
Sense of industry
- Erikson
- Successful completion of 1st 3 stages requires
- Loving environment
- Stable family unit
- Prepares child to engage in experiences and relationships beyond the family
Erikson:
Developing a
Sense of
Industry - characteristics of what stage? it’s in the name
- Eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful and socially useful work
- Gives them a sense of self worth
Sense of industry
(the industry is valuable)
- Learn the value of doing things with others
- Volunteer
Erikson’s – 6-12 years
(sex inferiority)
INDUSTRY Vs INFERIORITY
* New interest
* Involvement in
activities
* Pride in accomplishments
* Sense of achievement
Sense of industry - works well w/ or w/out ppl?
(motivated by the industry)
Motivated to complete tasks * Working alone
* Working with others
School-Age
Child (2 of 6)
(2 equals 3 Cs)
*Conservation
* Cognitive development
* Concrete operations
School-age years
- Thinking is concrete
- Thinking and reasoning is more logical
- Organized
- Example
- Classify objects in different ways
- Baseball cards by teams, playing position, league, etc.
Piaget 7-11 years
Characteristics of stage
Understand cause and effect
Concept of conservation
* Capable of mature thought
* When allowed to manipulate objects
Nursing Applications
* Use concrete objects in teaching * Give clear instructions about
details of treatment
* Show the child equipment
kohlberg - moral development - what is the basic concept?
(lump of kohl)
reward and punishment
= reward and punishment, older school age = able to judge and act by the intentions that prompted it. rules and judgements become more founded on needs and desires of others
Sexuality
- Help them develop healthy self-image * Interested in sexual issues
- Schools & families provide information * Safe touch
- Information on trusted adults
Nurses Role in Sex Education
- Treat sex as normal part of growth and development
- Questions and answers
- Differentiate betweensexandsexuality
- Values, problem-solving skills
- Open for communication with parents
Sex Education
Sex play as part of normal curiosity during preadolescence
* Middle childhood is ideal time for formal sex education
* Life span approach
* Information on sexual maturity and
process of reproduction
* Effective communication with parents
School-Age Child )
- Mature understanding of language
- Sexuality
- Application to nursing care
Spiritual development- school age
- Family beliefs
- God as human
- Punishment fits the crime
- View illness or injury as punishment
- Comforted by prayer
Stress
- Peer pressure
- Parent pressure
- Over programmed with activities
- Stomach pains or headache
- Sleep problems
- Bed-wetting
- Changes in eating habits
- Aggressive or stubborn behavior
- Reluctance to participate
- Regression to earlier behaviors ( thumb sucking)
Stress Reduction for Children
- Relaxation techniques
- Deep-breathing exercises
- Progressive relaxation of muscle groups * Positive imagery
- Physical activity
- Promote good sleeping habits
Healthy Lifestyle
- Good Nutrition
- Appropriate calories, fats, proteins * Reduced sugars
- Good Oral Health
- Adequate Physical Activity
- Healthy Relationships * Family and peers