final review Flashcards
resection - abdomen is distended and no bowel sounds.
Postoperative ileus
paralytic ileus has
N/V
Who is at risk for fluid volume loss
Gastric ulcer, appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis
acute liver failure - cause
viral hepatitis
acute pancreatitis - sugars?
high
acute pancreatitis - main symptom
pain
reasons for NG tube
Alcoholism, chronic depression, anorexia
Cancer therapy
Coma
GI problems
Bowel prep
CBI - triple lumen
balloon, input and output
how to get K back into cells?
overhydrate
mitral Stenosis - can cause what?
valve opening becomes narrow and restricts blood flow
Mitral stenosis can cause pulmonary congestion d/t backward flow of blood from atrium
stenosis can cause what with the heart?
afib
Regurgitation
blood leaks backward through a valve, sometimes due to prolapse
regurgitation can cause what?
left ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve prolapse - avoid what?
leaflet balloons back into atrium, mitral click. avoid caffeine, alcohol, smoking.
Mitral valve regurgitation
blood flows back into atrium from LV during systole, becomes fibrotic
mitral valve regurgitation - cause
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valve regurgitation treatment
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers
Mitral stenosis
valve leaflets thicken and fuse together obstructing blood
mitral stenosis - cause (might you have a rhume?)
rheumatic endocarditis
Aortic regurgitation
ackwards blood flow into LV from aorta, causes LV to dilate
Aortic stenosis - what happens?
ventricular wall hypertrophies
PVC
ventricular tachy
CAD pt with tachycardia - risk?
MI
metabolic acidosis
diarrhea, DKA
metabolic acidosis - symptoms
hypokalemia, kussmals
Respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation, COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Alveolar macrophages are altered → increased infection risk
Asthma
Abnormal sensitivity of cholinergic receptors. Small BRONCHI narrow.
Cor pulmonale - main cause
COPD
ARDS
fluid, damage to alveolar capillary membrane
ARDs treatment
tracheal intubation
preload affected by
venous pressure and the rate of venous return
Chest tube - use
lidocaine
increased preload =
increased SV
Cardiac Cath complications (MIS cath)
ishemia, MI, stroke
lung cancer - NO
fever or chills
cholecysitis - where is the pain?
right shoulder
pancreatitis - where is the pain?
LUQ radiates to shoulder
pancakes are
grey and blue (cullen’s and turner)
cholecystitis (cole and murphy hang out together)
lay patient back and breath out, then breath in
pancreatitis diet
low fat, high protein
profuse vomiting? (profusely small)
small bowel
Main symptom of GI cancer - (Gee I have fatigue)
fatigue
gallstones
women over 40 mexican native american
cholchangitis - who gets it?
males 30-40, UC major cause
minute volume is
RR x tidal volume
pulmonary HTN symptoms
dyspnea w/ exertion
pleural effusion - fremitius?
decreased fremitus
myocarditis - most common cause (Mei is dilated)
dilated cardiomyopathy
which cardiomyopathy impairs systolic?
dilated cardiomyopathy
HF w/ reserved ejection fraction (the left failed to reserve)
left ventricle contracts poorly and doesn’t empty. leads to increased preload and decreased EF.
HF w/ reserved ejection fraction - left or right sided failure? (the right wing is reserved)
right
HF w/ preserved ejection fraction (preserving the left)
left ventricle filling is impaired. the rest remains normal.
congestive heart failure - race?
black males
cardiac tamponade - BECs triad (BEC)
Becks triad - BEC - B - big jugular vein distention, E - extremely low BP, C - can’t hear heart sounds, muffled from fluid
cardiac tamponade - symptoms (tampon on the right)
like right sided HF. Lungs will be clear, jugular distended. thready pulse.
pulmonary artery catheter- which side
left ventricular preload
MI in women
numbness and weakness
most common symptom of pericarditis is
PAIN
mitral stenosis symptom =
dyspnea
greatest risk for HF
over 65
metabolic acidosis - hypo or hyperkalemia?
hyperkalemia
