Safe patient handling Flashcards
normal movement and alignment (normal is CPR B)
- Body Alignment or Posture
- Balance
- Coordinated Body Movement
- Postural Reflexes
Alignment of body parts permitting optimal musculoskeletal (MSK) balance (don’t stress, it’s ergonomics)
Postures that do not put undue stress on muscles and joints
while maintaining balance
• Apply ergonomics
Ergonomics - definition (ergo, I prevent injury)
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The practice of designing equipment and daily work tasks to prevent injuries.
Ergonomics - details (ergonomic posture takes habit, time, Sarah, and limits. Help!)
➢ Use proper body mechanics and maintain good posture
➢ Develop safe habits
➢ Take the extra time
➢ Use lift equipment - Sarah Steady
➢ Recognize your body’s limitation
➢ Ask for help
always ask and report (ask if you’re mobile)
mobility
always squat because
you’re using your strongest muscles and keeping your center of balance
Applying Ergonomics to Prevent Back Injuries (EBCCPL) (and what about the knees)
➢Practice erect posture
➢Use biggest muscle groups for strenuous tasks
➢Engage core muscle, e.g. abdominal muscles
➢Bring heavy objects close to body and use legs to lift instead of back
➢Push instead of pull heavy objects
➢Avoid locking knees when standing
Balance - Achieved when the body is in (balance ballet)
correct alignment
• Line of gravity must pass through the base of support
• Center of gravity is close to base of support
• Use a broad stance to lower the center of gravity
balance impacted by
disease, inner ear, pain meds, aging
Coordinated Movement (bones, joints and skeleton, oh my! )
Coordinated Movement
Using the skeletal muscles, bones, and joints in coordination
to produce a purposeful movement:
• Bones serves as the levers
• Joints serve as fulcrums for the levers
• Skeletal muscles are the force that produce movement
postural reflexes (maintains posture using msk and cns - easy)
Group of reflexes which :
a) Maintains body position and equilibrium
b) Integrates the MSK and central nervous system (CNS) to
coordinate movement and maintain balance
postural reflexes - labyrinthine sense
Labyrinthine sense: Sensory organ in the inner ear that provides sense of position, orientation, and movement
inner ear has crystal rocks and as they touch the cilia message sent to brain about our direction.
body mechanics - the evidence (35 and 1/3)
Occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s) are the leading and most costly work related health problems
• 1/3 of nurses have back problems !
• Education and proper use of body mechanics alone will not prevent occupational injuries
• Fitness does not eliminate risk of injury
• Health care facilities are focusing on no lift policies
• Assistive devices should always be used to lift a weight > 35 pounds
patient transfer involves what 2 things? (AP) how to plan a move…
assessment and planning
Assessment: safe patient transfer - know the patient (diagnose Wald’s limitations, weight bearing, and devices)
diagnosis, physical limitations, weight bearing restrictions, assistive devices
Planning: safe patient transfer (pre-med, choose equip, how many staff, clutter, instructions)
➢Pre-medicate for pain if necessary
➢Decide on equipment to use if any
➢Appropriate number of staff to assist with transfer (move a 400 lb person)
➢Clear area of clutter
➢Clear instructions to patient and other personnel
prn
as needed
Passive and active ROM
Active ROM – Movement of a joint by an individual without assistance
Passive ROM – Movement of a joint with the assistance of another person
Isotonic exercises (need a tonic after regular workout)
muscle shortening and active movement
• Ex: lifting a weight
• Benefits: increase muscle mass, tone, strength, CV health and bone mass, joint mobility, flexibility.
isometric exercise (my metric hands contract but don’t shorten)
muscle contraction without muscle shortening
• Ex: keeping arm extended or contraction of ab muscles while seated
• Benefits: increase muscle mass, tone, strength
ie pushing hands together - still using the muscle but nothing move
Isokinetic exercise (kinetic knee device)
muscle contraction with resistance
• Ex: use of Continuous Passive
Motion (CPM) device after knee surgery
even amount of resistance entire time
Flexion (flex the elbow)
Decreasing the angle of the joint (bending the elbow)
Hyperextension
Hyperextension Further extension or straightening of a joint (bending the head
backward)
Abduction
Movement of the bone away from the midline of the body
can’t do this with hip surgery
Adduction (adding to my body)
Movement of the bone toward the midline of the body
can’t do this with hip surgery
Pronation (put down pro nation)
Moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand faces downward while held in the front of the body
Supination
Moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand
faces upward while held in the front of the body
passive ROM (coma or restrained)
Purpose: To maintain joint mobility
• Performed on people who have no or very limited mobility• spinal injuries
• post stroke
• sedated or coma state
• Important to support the limb above and below the joint
• Use smooth, slow, and rhythmic methods
• Avoid forcing beyond existing ROM
complications of immobility - cardiovascular (just 2 things - ortho and DVT)
Cardiovascular System
○ Orthostatic hypotension
○ Venous stasis (DVT)
Complications of Immobility● Metabolic Process (Nitro wastes muscle and becomes anorexic)
Negative nitrogen balance Resulting from ↑metabolic demand from acute illness (catabolic protein breakdown)
■ Muscle wasting
■ Anorexia and decreased nutrition
