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XIO > Pharm week 1 > Flashcards

Pharm week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

d5 steps in nursing (ANPIE)

A
  1. Assessment- not Judgement….
  2. Nursing Diagnoses (human needs statement_
  3. Planning- with outcome identification
  4. Implementation- & Patient Education
  5. Evaluation
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2
Q

nursing addresses…(PESS FCC)

A

Physical
• Emotional
• Spiritual
• Sexual
• Financial
• Cultural
• Cognitive

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3
Q

drug classifications based on…(CMB in clinicals)

A

1) Clinical indication -(Bronchodilator)
2) Mechanism of Action – (biochemical
process through which a drug
produces its effect)
3) Body system - ( CNS)

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4
Q

legend drugs

A

need a prescription

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5
Q

Hx (it’s a false hex)

A

drugs had harmful additives & false claims

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6
Q

To be considered an ingredient
for a dietary supplement, must have…(CHAD VM concentrate on herbs, amino cavies and dietary supplements)

A

Vitamin
• Mineral
• Herb or botanical
• Amino Acid
• Dietary substance used by man to supplement diet by
Increasing total dietary intake (enzymes, organ tissue, or
glands)
• Concentrate, metabolite, constituent or extract

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7
Q

O/P/D/HL

A

onset, peak, duration, half life

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8
Q

MOA (moa chiv)

A

how drug affects the body

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9
Q

NTE (night exceeds)

A

not to exceed

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10
Q

S/E (you’re afraid of ses)

A

side effects

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11
Q

evaluate involves…(evaluate tracks, chiv side effects, and documents)

A

• - Track the daily dose
• - Check for Side Effects ( S/E)
• - Document the response

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12
Q

To determine Therapeutic Index

A
  • LD50/ Median effective dose (meaning - lethal dose for 50% of the pop. divided by the median effective dose for 50 % of the population)
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13
Q

human studies - phase I (initiate evaluation of phase 1)

A

Initial Pharmacological evaluation

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14
Q

human studies - phase II (control tu)

A

Limited controlled evaluation

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15
Q

human studies - phase III (3 ways to extend and evaluate)

A

Extended clinical evaluation

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16
Q

pregnancy category - A (A is a trimester)

A

Category A: Adequate & well-controlled studies have
failed to determine a Risk to Fetus in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy & No evidence of Risk in later trimesters

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17
Q

pregnancy category - B (be an animal)

A

Animal reproductive studies failed to
determine Risk to Fetus & there are no adequate & well controlled studies in pregnant women

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18
Q

pregnancy category - C (c, there is an adverse effect)

A

Animal reproductive studies shown an
adverse effect on Fetus & there are no adequate & well controlled studies in humans, but potential Benefits may warrant drug use in pregnant women despite potential Risks.

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19
Q

pregnancy category - D (delightfully adverse)

A

Positive evidence of human fetal Risk based
on adverse reaction data from investigational, marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of drug in pregnant women despite Risks

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20
Q

pregnancy category - X

A

Studies in animals or humans demonstrated
fetal abnormalities w/ positive evidence of human fetal Risk based on adverse reaction to use of drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs potential benefits

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21
Q
  • Phase IV is when…(learn in phase 5)
A

the marketing and widespread of drug use is how we learn.

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22
Q

nursing role - 10 basic rights (pdd rtrr eae)

A
  1. RIGHT Patient
  2. RIGHT Drug
  3. RIGHT Dose
  4. RIGHT Route
  5. RIGHT Time
  6. RIGHT Reason & Documentation
  7. RIGHT to Refuse
  8. RIGHT Education
  9. RIGHT Assessment
  10. RIGHT Evaluation
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23
Q

OS (so it’s your left eye)

A

left eye

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24
Q

OD (right eye od’ed)

A

right eye

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25
Q

OU (o u have 2 eyes)

A

both eyes

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26
Q

ad lib

A

freely, as needed

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27
Q

Bid (bid twice a day)

A

twice a day

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28
Q

Prn

A

as needed

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29
Q

q (q every light)

A

every

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30
Q

q3h

A

every 3 hours

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31
Q

qd

A

every day

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32
Q

qid (quad)

A

four times a day

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33
Q

qod (every other qod)

A

every other day

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34
Q

tib

A

three times a day

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35
Q

if patient says they didn’t get meds, first thing to do is?

A

Check medication administration recorded in EHR

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36
Q

do this if you make a medication error? (check this)

A

Records completion of an incident report in the
medical chart
Does nothing since the patient doesn’t experience
any side effects

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37
Q

6 rights of medication (right MDD TRP)

A

1) right patient (2 unique identifiers - full name, dob, name band)
2) right medication (verify medication to MAR, then verify to the MAR when you put in med cup)
3) right dose (check math to make sure right dose and correct med is about to be given), then make sure dose is within therapeutic range.
4) right time (make sure to document if medication is late from pharmacy)
5) right route
6) right documentation - document that you gave meds - also educating the patient

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38
Q

do not use abbrevations

A

1) QD or QID - write once daily or every other day
2) IU - write international unit
3) MS or MG - write morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate
4) ug - write mcg
5) HS - write at bedtime, or half strength
6) TIW - write 3 times a week

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39
Q

100mg

A

Peak

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40
Q

50 mg

A

at 8 hours, 50% removed from body

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41
Q

25 mg

A

for 16 hr 1/2 life, 75 % removed from body

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42
Q

24 hours

A

12.5 mg,

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43
Q

pr route

A

per rectum

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44
Q

ex of human needs statement

A

altered safety needs (human response), risk for injury related to medication

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45
Q

outcomes (not smoking)

A

objective, real and measurable w/ timelines

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46
Q

implementation

A

nurse intervenes on behalf of patient, ie physical therapy

47
Q

evaluation

A

monitoring patient outcomes

48
Q

QSEN (patient is the center, then the team, then the evidence, then quality brings safety and info)

A

patient-centered care, teamwork, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.

49
Q

assessment allows you to organize information in the form of…

A

human needs statements, which involves a problem, strength, or vulernability.

50
Q

rectal drugs are given for what reason?

A

for systemic effects - reduce fever, anything system–wide

51
Q

do sublingual and buccal bypass the liver?

A

YES, ie nitroglycerin

52
Q

fastest to slowest routes for absorption

A

parenteral (IV), enteral, topical

53
Q

when you can’t do oral meds, what is good alternative?

A

rectal

54
Q

subcutaneous

A

into fatty subcutaneous under dermal

55
Q

injections into the superficial layer right below epidermal into dermal

A

intradermal injections

56
Q

muscles have more blood vessels, so

A

they are absorbed faster than subcutaneous

57
Q

topical can be a problem if…

A

the patient is having a reaction and they’ve already absorbed too much of the med over several days

58
Q

do topical meds bypass the liver?

A

Yes, ALL but rectal

59
Q

both first pass and non first pass - only one place

A

rectal

60
Q

problems w/ topcial

A

systemic absorption is unreliable and erratic

61
Q

transdermal is good for long or short periods?

A

long - delivered over 72 hours for example

62
Q

can’t use inhalation if…

A

patient has pulmonary disease

63
Q

only drugs that are not bound to plasma proteins can…

A

be distributed to extravascular tissues (tissue outside of the blood vessel)

64
Q

drug-drug interaction

A

2 drugs increase or decrease the actions of each other

65
Q

P-450

A

responsible for metabolism of most meds

66
Q

primary organ for excretion

A

kidneys, then liver and bowels

67
Q

nonselective interactions (vancomycin is nonselective)

A

drugs that don’t use enzyme or receptors, but they change the formation of cell structures, like distrupt the cell wall leading to cell death

68
Q

supportive therapy

A

when a person is recovering from illness

69
Q

phrophylactic therapy

A

prevent illness

70
Q

more dangerous - low or high theraputic index?

A

low, there is little wiggle room

71
Q

antagonist effects (1 + 1 = )

A

less than 2

72
Q

most common adverse drug events are…

A

medication errors and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) `

73
Q

idiosynchratic reaction

A

unexpected response to a drug

74
Q

pharmacognosy (cognizant of nature)

A

natural drug sources, plants and animals

75
Q

transfer to fetus occurs via

A

diffusion

76
Q

when does the greatest amount of maternal drugs get absorped by fetus?

A

last trimester

77
Q

neonate

A

birth to 1 month old

78
Q

infant age

A

1 -12 months

79
Q

child age

A

1 - 12 years old

80
Q

polypharmacy

A

use of multiple meds by older ppl

81
Q

ph goes up with what age group?

A

elderly - everything else decreases

82
Q

kidney measured by

A

creatine

83
Q

liver measured by

A

AST - tranferase

84
Q

water soluble drugs higher or lower absorption in older adults?

A

higher bc they are more dehydrated

85
Q

toddlers - meds explination

A

brief but concrete explinatiaon with realistic expectations of child’s understanding

86
Q

infants- giving meds

A

let parent rock or hold child

87
Q

preschoolers giving meds

A

brief but concrete explinatiaon with realistic expectations of child’s understanding, use magical thinking

88
Q

meds for school aged children

A

explain and allow some body control. provide comfort. ok to cry. complete picture

89
Q

pregnant women should or should not take over the counter meds?

A

generally not

90
Q

drug polymorphism

A

patient’s age, gender, size, body comp, and other stuff on the pharmokentics of drugs

91
Q

phase 1

A

determine dose range

92
Q

phase 2

A

drug effectiveness and adverse effects

93
Q

phase 3

A

rare side effects

94
Q

phase 4

A

further proof of therauptic effect

95
Q

nurse practic act defines the…

A

scope

96
Q

veracity

A

the duty to tell the truth

97
Q

adverse drug event is (2 things)

A

adverse drug reaction and medication errors

98
Q

drugs common in severe medication erros

A

anticoagulants, CNS drugs, and chemo drugs

99
Q

half of all medication errors began with the..

A

medication ordering, then adminstration and dispensing

100
Q

most errors during transition of patients to home occur due to

A

communication errors

101
Q

affective domain learning

A

expression of feelings

102
Q

words used for outcomes

A

demonstrate, describe, discuss, self-administer

103
Q

herbal products…

A

are not FDA approved, so you can’t rely on the labels.

104
Q

human needs statement - example

A

altered oxygen - it’s something you’re doing for the patient

105
Q

planning/outcome

A

patient remains hydrated, patient remains free from injury - something about an outcome

106
Q

planning/outcome

A

patient remains hydrated, patient remains free from injury - something about an outcome

107
Q

general anesthesia

A

loss of ability to feel pain bc CNS impulses are altered

108
Q

local anesthetics

A

alter peripheral or spinal nerve impulses to eliminate pain

109
Q

short acting barbs

A

pentobarbital and seconal

110
Q

intermidiate barbs

A

butabarbital

111
Q

long acting barbs

A

phenobarbital and mephobarbital

112
Q

long acting benzos

A

clonazepam

113
Q

intermediate acting benzos

A

alprozolam

114
Q

short acting benzos

A

zolipem (ambien)

XIO (372 decks)

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