Chem ch 19

Question 1

active site is the part of enzyme with…(active in SC)

Answer 1

a specific shape and specific chemical make up.

Question 2

substrate is…

Answer 2

a reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 3

Specificity of the enzyme is the…(the enzyme must be specific to S or R)

Answer 3

limitation of the activity of an enzyme to a specific substrate, specific reaction, or specific type of reaction

Question 4

specificity

Answer 4

limitation of the activity of an enyzme to specific substrate or specific reaction

Question 5

turnover number

Answer 5

10 - 10,000,000 molecules per second. The maximum number of substrates at which an enzyme can act upon per unit of time. ex - catalase is 10 (7)/ per second - very fast

Question 6

cofactor and co-enzyme

Answer 6

non-protein part of an enzyme that is essential for the activity of the enzyme

Question 7

cofactors are made of what?

Answer 7

minerals (metal ions)

Question 8

co-enzyme is the…(it’s not the co-factor)

Answer 8

organic molecule (vitamins)

Question 9

trace minerals (FFCK MZ)

Answer 9

are co-factors - CU2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+. They do coordinate covalent bond - covalent that is formed by sharing electrons, but one part is providing 2 electrons. the other is accepting. The act as Lewis acid, accepting electrons.

Question 10

enzyme nomenclature

Answer 10

2 parts: identify the substrate that which the enzyme is acting upon. Describe the reaction. Family ending - ase. ie - pyruvate carboxylase

Question 11

oxidase

Answer 11

adding oxygen

Question 12

reductase

Answer 12

removing O2

Question 13

dehydrogenase

Answer 13

adding or removing H

Question 14

types of transferase (kin and tran can transfer)

Answer 14

A) kinase

B) transaminase

Question 15

hydrolase (PLLAN your watering)

Answer 15

enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a covalent bond using water

A) lipase
B) protease
C) amylase - sugar
D) nulcease - DNA or RNA
E) ligases

Question 16

isomerase

Answer 16

converting one isomer to another one

Question 17

lyase (lays is basic math)

Answer 17

adding or removing functional group using something other than water

Question 18

decarboxylase

Answer 18

removing COO- and (CO2)

Question 19

deaminase

Answer 19

remove amino group

Question 20

dehydrotase

Answer 20

removing H2O

Question 21

hydrotase

Answer 21

adding H2O

Question 22

ligases (ligase is the ligament to hold SoCal together)

Answer 22

linking or bonding 2 substrates together: A) sythetase (using ATP - form product by adding 2 substrates) B) carboxylase

Question 23

models that describe how enzymes work

Answer 23

lock and key and induced fit model

Question 24

lock and key

Answer 24

when substrate fits into active site of the enzyme as a key fits into a lock

Question 25

induced fit model

Answer 25

active site of the enzyme is flexible and it changes it’s shape to fit the substrate

Question 26

abilities of enzymes (ability of enzyme to COPE)

Answer 26

1) proximity effect
2) orientation effect
3) catalytic effect
4) energy effect

Question 27

proximity effect

Answer 27

enzymes are able to position on the substrate at the active site and bound to the substrate. ex - induced fit model

Question 28

orientation effect

Answer 28

enzyme is holding the substrate at the exact distance and exact orientation

Question 29

factors that effect enzyme activity (PETS even effect enzyme activity)

Answer 29

1) substrate concentration
2) enzyme concentration
3) temperature effect
4) pH change effect

Question 30

substrate concentration - what is it? (can’t have substrate without rate)

Answer 30

concentration of substrate X is rate of biochemical reaction until all of the active sites are fully occupied (enzyme is saturated)

Question 31

enzyme concentration

Answer 31

rate of the biochemical reaction is directly proportional to the enzyme concentration

Question 32

temperature effect (at what temp?)

Answer 32

most enzymes denature and they lose the activity about 50 - 60 degrees C. high temp is killing the enzyme

Question 33

pH effect

Answer 33

moste enzymes have optimum point at normal and/or buffered pH of the environment. most at pH 5 to 9.

Question 34

activation energy (activate the intermediate!)

Answer 34

the difference in energy in between the intermediate and the reactant

Question 35

catalysts do what?

Answer 35

just lower activation energy point

Question 36

substrate is really just the…

Answer 36

reactant

Question 37

R + E —- SE — PE – P + E

Answer 37

reaction plus enzyme = product, but the enzyme is still attached to product. it is released later

Question 38

important co-enzymes (B a FAN of co-enzymes)

Answer 38

co-enzyme A, B12, FAD, NAD+

Question 39

oxidoreductase

Answer 39

catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of oxygen or hydrogen.

Question 40

when looking at substrate and reactant (if it’s on the test) and she asks what reaction, if its the same molecule with different connectivity, it’s…

Answer 40

isomerization

Question 41

kinase (think of physio)

Answer 41

transferring phosphate group

Question 42

transaminase

Answer 42

transferring amino group

Question 43

types of lyase (the lyase-on hides the problems - HDDD)

Answer 43

A) decarboxylase
B) deaminase
C) dehydrotase
D) hydrotase