Fund nursing 50 week 1.2 Flashcards
illness stage (illness last hours to days)
time is also variable. symptoms manifest, hours to days to months.
convalescence period
period of healing, can be short or long depending on the illness.
MDR (multidrug resistant) TB occurs because
people don’t finish their TB treatments
Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms - why does this exist? (and examples)
eat animals who received antibiotics. ppl may buy off market, may demand from provider, overuse of antibiotics
• MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
• VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
• MDR (multidrug resistant) TB
Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) just the definition
acquired in a healthcare setting.
Healthcare Associated Infections - common ones (Cath has pneum at site of c.Dif)
Catheter associated urinary tract infections
(CAUTI) most common: Pericare very
important!
MInimize use of indwell (sp) catheters)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Surgical site infection (SSI)
Central line associated bloodstream infection
Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) (infection of GI tract) too much antibiotic therapy or cross-contamination from patient to patient
Major Cause of infection
Insufficient Hand Hygiene
• Cost - repeat hospitalization, time off work, cost to hospitals. also an emotional cost,
• Medicare No Pay Rule for HAI
assessment
complete thorough history
looking for signs and symptoms of infection, condition that may predispose someone to infection. ie chemo, signs of localized or systemic infection
Nursing History
• Physical Assessment
• S/S localized infection
• S/S systemic infection
• Laboratory Tests
See Common Tests for Evaluating
Presence/Risk for Infection.
WBC’s:
Differential:
ESR (sed rate): inflammatory process
• Cultures
• Urine and Blood (sterile procedure)
• Normal Value: sterile without
microorganism growth (no growth at all)
• Wound, Sputum, Throat (Not sterile, have normal flora there)
• May detect normal flora
• Obtain Cultures before Antibiotics are
started*****(bc antibodies will kill everything before you identify it) patient on broad-spectrum before finding out what infection is
Interventions - (the weakest link needs intervention)
• Primary goal is to prevent onset and spread of infection
• Break the Chain of Infection
• Weakest Link: Transmission (can fight this through hand hygiene)
The Joint Commission (2022) (needed for licensing)
•Prevent infection recommendation from Joint Commission -
“Use the hand cleaning guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the World Health Organization….”
look at CDC
hand hygiene link if you haven’t
Recommended Hand Hygiene
Technique
•Handrubs
•Gel in Gel Out!!!!
• Apply to palm of one hand,
rub hands together covering
all surfaces until dry (until DRY)
• Volume: based on
manufacturer
Handwashing
• Wet hands with water, apply
soap, rub hands together for at
least 15 seconds
• Rinse and dry with disposable
towel
• Use towel to turn off faucet
Hand washing with soap and water is required when caring for patients infected with
Clostridium difficile because of spores - C. Diff is NOT killed by alcohol rub=
lotions
you need lotion, but make sure it’s compatible w/ hospital. Don’t use community lotion
Gloving
Wear gloves when it can be reasonably anticipated that contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, or potentially contaminated intact skin (e.g., of a patient incontinent of stool or urine) could occur - (this is a critical thinking moment)
Remove gloves after caring for a patient
Do not wear the same pair of gloves for the care of more than one patient
Glove use does not replace hand hygiene action!!
wear gloves for injections?
always
can gives meds with or without gloves?
with gloves bc you’re touching the tablet w/out gloves
interventions - types of asepsis
Medical Asepsis (clean technique):
Surgical Asepsis (sterile technique):
when in the hospital, DO NOT TOUCH
anything on the porter - the cleaning- cart (cart somewhere in hospital)