Moment 5 Flashcards
reactants
on left side
products
on right side
coefficient
number before the element, indicates the ratio of reactants to products in terms of moles
unbalanced equation
one that does not follow the law of conservation of mass
octet rule
gain or lose electrons until outer level is 8. change can be in composition or configuration.
the substance undergoing a change
reactant
reagent (agent)
partner in reaction less transformed than the reactant (such as catalyst)
the final result of reaction
product
reaction conditions (PCCTS - strayed)
temp, pressure, concentration, occurring in a solution, presence or absence of catalyst.
combination reactions (just combine to 1)
two or more reactants combine to form a single product, ie A + B – . also called synthesis or addition reactions
decomposition reactions (just decomp)
chemical reactions where single compound breaks down into component parts or simpler compounds, ie A — B + C
most decomposition reactions are…
endothermic, heat needs to be added
thermal decomposition caused by…
heat
electrolytic decomposition due to…
electricity
types of separation processes (separation is FCCD)
filtration, crystallization, distillation and chromatography
separation…(into like piles)
sorts compounds after decomposition into like substances
single substitution, displacement, or replacement reactions occur when…
one reactant is displaced by another to form the final product
single substitution can be…
cationic or anionic
ions or bonds are exchanged by 2 compounds to form different compounds - examples (missed compounds - substitute the exchange - MISDD)
double displacement, double replacement, substitution, metathesis, ion exchange
double replacement reaction (just replacing, not changing)
chemical reactants exchange ions but the oxidation stays the same
indicator of double displacement (double tomogenesis)
formation of solid precipitate
acid/base reactions - which one gives, and which one accepts?
acid donates a proton, while base accepts proton
acid and base reactions form a…(think chem) and the base becomes____
salt and water. when the proton is donated, the base becomes water and the remaining ion forms a salt.
of atoms does not change during a…(atom at the Met)
metathesis reaction. even exchange.
combustion
sequence of chemical reactions involving fuel and an oxidant that produces heat and sometimes light
what determines the compounds formed during combustion? (fuel for the fire)
fuels and oxidants
exothermic process
releases energy
combustion is a___process
exothermic
exothermic energy is commonly released as____, but can be____(LES)
heat, but can be other forms like light electricity or sound
the mass of the catalyst should be…
the same at the beginning as the end
activation energy
minimum amount required to get a reaction started
causes particles to collide
activation energy
a catalyst enables..
more particles to react, which lowers the activation energy
potential of hydrogen (pH)
measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance in terms of the number of moles of H+ per liter of solution
a lower ph indicates a higher concentration of______(H - igh and low)
H+
pH of pure water
7, neutral
acidic ph
ph lower than 7
alakaline/BASE
ph higher than 7
common bases (BASSED - bath tub)
drain cleaner, soap, baking soda, ammonia, egg whites, sea water
common acids (SUB V - think body)
urine, stomach acid, vinegar, battery acid
pH indicator
detects hydrogen+
halochromic (chrome - color)
changes color to indicate hydrogen in pH indicator
traits of bases in aqueous solution
bitter taste, soapy texture, can restore the blue of litmus paper, can produce salts in reaction w/ acids
yields H+ ions
acids - Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis
yields OH- ions
bases- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis
some nonmetal oxides are classified as..(bases are usually metals - 1st place base metal)
bases bc they easily produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when mixed w/ water
property that defines an acid (jesse t-shirt - couch)
the ionization of H atoms, and split from parent to make electrical charge. Either provide H+ or accept OH-, and they lower the pH.
carboxylic acids (carbon goes with…)
ionization of O atoms. carbon bonds w/ an O atom.
soluble in water and high boiling point
acid
strong or weak acids (give or receive)
the tendency of atoms to ionize by donating or accepting charged particles
strong acid (take all)
if all atoms ionize
acetic acid - HC2H3O2 is a___acid
weak, bc only O2 ionize in water
highly reactive acids and bases are…
strong bc they form and break bonds quickly
properties of salts (salt AB metal in tight water)
they are formed from acid base reactions, are ionic compounds consisting of metallic and nonmetallic, disassociate in water, comprised of tightly bonded ions.
salt hydrolysis reaction (how salt is made)
when salt and water react to form a base and an acid
basic units of metric system (metric system is glm)
meter, liter, gram.
metric system starts w/ a…(counting by 10s)
base unit and increases or decreases in units of 10
deka
10 times the base unit
hecto
100 times the base amount
kilo
1,000 times the base amount