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XIO > male reproductive > Flashcards

male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

scrotum

A

Functions as a protective covering for the testes, epididymis and vans deferens, helps maintain cooler than body temperature control

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2
Q

testes - 2 functions

A

make testosterone and produce sperm

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3
Q

Epididymis (p didy stores)

A

stores sperm

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4
Q

how often to do testicular self exams?

A

monthly. do in warm environment.

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5
Q

ask client to bear down to see

A

hernias

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6
Q

sexual dysfunction - causes

A

Potential causes: anxiety, fatigue, depression, absence of desire, vascular, endocrine, hematologic, and neurologic disorders, trauma, medications, alcohol, drug abuse

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7
Q

ejaculation problems

A

Premature ejaculation: ejaculation before one wants to
Retrograde ejaculation: occurs when semen enters the bladder instead of emerging through the penis during orgasm

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8
Q

Oral medications for erectile dysfunction

A

Oral medications—sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra) and tadalafil (Cialis) all increase blood flow to the penis

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9
Q

viagras - caution (not nitrates)

A

Caution with retinopathy

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10
Q

viagras Contraindicated with

A

nitrate use

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11
Q

meds for erectile dysfunction - hormone therapy - AND complications

A

Hormone therapy for low levels of testosterone (injections, patches or gels) ▪Injected vasoactive agents
▪Complications include priapism (persistent abnormal erection)

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12
Q

Retrograde ejaculation: treatment

A

don’t need it unless it interferes with pregnancy

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13
Q

Prostatitis - caused by what?

A

inflammation caused by an infectious agent

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14
Q

acute bacterial prostatis - symptoms (think acute)

A

sudden onset of fever, dysuria, perineal pain

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15
Q

prostatis Chronic bacterial - symptoms? (chronic prost shows no symptoms)

A

Chronic bacterial: typically asymptomatic

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16
Q

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: (chronic prostatis - chronic cysitis)

A

genitourinary symptoms
with no bacteria in urine

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17
Q

Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis - what will be elevated?

A

diagnosed incidentally, elevated PSA

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18
Q

prostatis treatment (just meds for pain and infection)

A

Treatment includes appropriate anti-infective agents and measures to alleviate pain and spasm

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19
Q

prostate cancer risk factors (prostie has just 3 risk factors)

A

Advanced age
Family history
Race

20
Q

prostate cancer - fast or slow?

A

Slow growing and predictable metastasis pattern
Nearby lymph nodes and bones, lungs, and liver

21
Q

prostate cancer symptoms - urine (prostie door)

A

Urgency
Frequency
Nocturia
Hesitancy
Weak stream
Blood in urine

22
Q

prostate cancer - late symptom - #1

A

▪Hematuria

23
Q

prostate cancer labs (P for prostate, P for PSA) (PSA at ESPN)

A

▪Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA): for screening
▪Early prostate cancer antigen (EPCA-2): maybe a serum marker for prostate.
CA
▪Other biomarkers also exist. many tests, the PSA is not definitive.

24
Q

prostate cancer treatment (lap up prostie cancer with ADT)

A

Active Surveillance
▪Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP)= most common surgical procedure
▪Open radical prostatectomy
▪Radiation Therapy
▪Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or hormone therapy
▪Chemotherapy

25
Q

prostate cancer post op (normal stuff, consipation, etc.)

A

▪Pain management ▪Prevent constipation ▪Indwelling urinary catheter ▪I&Os
▪Mobilization
▪Patient education

26
Q

Long-Term Post-Op Complications: (Just 2)

A

▪Erectile dysfunction (ED) ▪Consider medications (Viagra)
▪Urinary incontinence ▪Kegel exercises

27
Q

Orchitis (orchid on fire)

A

inflammation of one or both testicles

28
Q

Spermatocele (p. diddy cele cyst)

A

an abnormal cyst that develops in the epididymis. Usually filled with milky or clear fluid that might contain sperm.

29
Q

Hydrocele (hydro)

A

type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle. Can be due to inflammation or injury within the scrotum

30
Q

Varciocele

A

an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum. link with male infertility. does not need to be treated.

31
Q

TESTICULAR CANCER - what ages?

A

▪Most common cancer in men ages 15 to 40 years. Highly treatable and curable

32
Q

test cancer - manifestations (testes don’t hurt)

A

Manifestations: painless lump or mass in the testes

33
Q

test cancer - diagnostics (cutie teste)

A

Testicular exam, CT abd/pelvis

34
Q

test cancer - early diagnosis - what 2 exams?

A

Early diagnosis: monthly testicular self-exam
(TSE) and annual testicular exam

35
Q

test cancer treatment

A

Treatment: orchidectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (open or laparoscopic), radiation therapy, chemotherapy

36
Q

Hypospadias (hypo is low)

A

Hypospadias: abnormal urethral opening on the bottom of the penis

37
Q

Epispadias (epi - above)

A

Epispadias: abnormal urethral opening on the top of the penis

38
Q

Phimosis (phimosis has no osmosis) - causes

A

Phimosis: a condition in which the foreskin of an uncircumcised penis can not be retracted from the penis head, causing painful urination and erections. usually caused by infection or diabetes.

39
Q

Bowen’s disease: (Chris has cancer)

A

superficial squamous cell carcinoma in which cancer cells are confined to all layers of the epidermis. almost always in uncircumcised.

40
Q

Priapism: - how long?

A

prolonged erection of the penis (>4hrs) not related to sexual activity. if longer than 24 hours, can be permanent issues.

41
Q

Peyronie’s disease (macaroni)

A

a chronic condition that involves the development of abnormal scar tissue inside the penis, often resulting in bent or painful erections

42
Q

Urethral stricture

A

Urethral stricture: scarring that narrows the tube that carries urine out of your body

43
Q

prostate cancer - late symptoms - pain where? (the PSHR is late)

A

▪Pain in the pelvis, spine, hips, ribs

44
Q

prostate cancer - late symptom- swollen? And what is the prostate like? (cancer is like a rock)

A

▪Lymphadenopathy in the groin
▪DRE: prostate is hard “like a rock” and bumpy

45
Q

prostate cancer symptoms - other (Prostie corner)

A

Frequent bladder infections
Pain with ejaculation
Penile pain, discharge
Other pain
Scrotal pain or swelling

XIO (372 decks)

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