Preoperative care Flashcards
Preoperative Phase:
Assessment; Review of each system and potential complications; medication reconciliation; preoperative teaching; preoperative checklist/consenting (could be 10 min or 3-4 months)
Intraoperative Phase: (nurse intra-operating room)
Intraoperative Phase: Role of the scrub nurse and circulating nurse; anesthetics
Postoperative Phase: (what could go wrong?)
Postoperative Phase: Immediate postoperative assessment priorities; potential complications; interventions to prevent complications;discharge planning
surgical setting
Ambulatory/Outpatient Surgery - just a few hours
Inpatient - hospitalized
outpatient preferred bc
infection.
23 hour hospital stay
must be discharged on 23rd hour to avoid charges
Surgical procedures can be classified By (PUR said the procedure)
By purpose: e.g., palliation (to make comfortable)
By degree of urgency: e.g., elective vs. emergenic (life or limb)
By degree of risk (degree of risk assigned by anesthesialogist)
John risk for surgery
high risk - smoking, etc.
preop (teach, plan and prep in the preop)
teaching, planning, prepping for sugery
preop assessment
Psychosocial - John has anxiety.
assessment
Past Health History
Past diagnoses -
current medical problems -
John - smoking, CAD,
preop assessment
Family health history
nervous system - preop
stroke, cognitive decline - can he follow instructions, mobility, parkinson’s (med admin should be a consideration - do you hold, or not?) mobility - paralysis -
cardiovascular - preop assessment
stents, coronary artery disease, what is his bp/HR. Could impact kidneys and stroke - at risk for clotting. Hes prob on anticoagulants
pulmonary assessment
smoking history (try to get him on nicotine patches) COPD, would likely want a chest x-ray, check for signs of infection, check oxygenation, does he have a history of cough, SOB, lung sounds
renal system
medications, diabetes, CAD, kidney function test, urinalysis, BUN/creatinine. Glucose in urine.
hepatic system (liver - glucose, bleeding, alcohol)
maybe consider he could have liver problems that impact glucose, bleeding times, liver failure, alcohol history. if pt drinks, ask what kind and how does he measure the drinks.
GI system
nothing by mouth, bowel prep, prob clear diet, (leak can cause peritonitis) worry about infection (diverticultis - looking for signs of acute infection, and potential for infection d/t diabetes)
muscle-skeletal
mobility issues during post-operative, padded table
nutrition
obesity (dehissence) and malnourishment (edema, skin breakdown)
endocrine
diabetes (wound healing, insulin managed appropriately, A1C, glucose, monitor glucose)
infection (CAP)
chronic infection, acute infection, and post op infection.
medications
reconcile meds, ask John’s wife to bring all of his meds.
Which meds are a problem?
Insulin 6 units Regular with 15unit NPH sub-cutaneous q am.
Aspirin 325mg PO q d.
Plavix 75 mg PO once daily
Ativan 0.5mg IVP on call to OR in AM.
get insulin order clarified, aspirin - bleeding, ativan - get consent before taking it, plavix - bleeding
we don’t use qd anymore***
allergies (LISBA)
latex, iodine, shellfish, bannana, avacado (all from same tree family)
antibiotics (and find out what the exact reaction is), tape allergies,
lab tests
CBC - Type & Cross - Urinalysis
- Pulse Oximetry - ECG - Xrays - pregnancy
Client Fears and Anxiety
not waking up, infection, colostomy, be awake during surgery, complications, pain post-operatively (this is why teaching is important), teach about pain management. encourage family to stay with him as long as possible. you can have the anesthesiologist speak with the patient also.
Geriatric Considerations
cognitive decline so have family there, decreased kidney functions, confusion, not following direction
NPO status - what to know? (just how long)
time frame
prescreening (prescreen for a walker)
usually done in dr. office. may need walker, etc.
Postoperative medications/prescriptions
very little time so teach during every interaciton
Postoperative transportation
arrange transport
Preoperative Phase Teaching
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