Eating habits - 14th set (micr. growth cont)

Question 1

Antagonistic ( harmful)

Answer 1

Virus “killing” of host cell following replication

Question 2

Synergistic (beneficial) (mae - symb)

Answer 2

symbiotic and complex

Question 3

Symbiotic relationship and ex. (think intestines)

Answer 3

organisms lives in close contact ( physically or nutritionally); individually are interdependent Ex: E.coli inhabitation of intestine

Question 4

Complex relationship (aka. biofilm) (help but %)

Answer 4

are cooperative; benefits are amplified

In humans, biofilms plays a major role in 65% of infections

Question 5

Biofilms in households

Answer 5

kitchen sink, toilet, shower

Question 6

health issues - biofilms (body parts) (PECK) (when you were small)

Answer 6

prostatitis, kidney infection, otitis media (ear infection), cystic fibrosis

Question 7

Cooperative interactions allow species to.. (biofilms)

Answer 7

grow which wouldn’t have grown in the 1st place

Question 8

Biofilms develops as a…(slime - matrix made of DPG - dan on biofilm)

Answer 8

slimy matrix which allows cells as well as the biofilm to attach. Matrix is made of,

• DNA
• proteins
• fibers of glycocalyces - capsule

Question 9

Biofilm (with associated matrix ) protects members from…(stress - denver)

Answer 9

environmental stress ( uv radiation), antimicrobial drugs including antibiotics, pH alterations, temperature and humidity changes

Question 10

concentrate and conserve digestive enzymes (biofilm) (digest absorb)

Answer 10

bacteria tend to absorb nutrients. digestive enzyme helps in the breakdown and facilitates the nutrient absorption.

Question 11

quarum sensing (biofilm) - and can be both…. (quarrel over car)

Answer 11

= molecules, autoinducers. gram + and gram -.

Question 12

autoinducers (car - diffused - reporter)

Answer 12

secreted molecules that bind to bacterial cell (target) - diffuses across membrane - binds and activates, transcription factors (TF) . TF are involved with genes involved with biofilm production.

Question 13

Quorum sensing and biofilms (quarrel w/ neighbor)

Answer 13

Quorum sensing is the communication between members - cells responds to neighboring cell’s density and secretes molecules

Question 14

Planktonic showers (en mass and ex)

Answer 14

When large # of cells leaves the biofilm and disseminate ex. Cystic fibrosis patients lungs and Pseudomonas sps

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis patients lungs and Pseudomonas sps (secretes outside poly)

Answer 15

the bacteria secretes large amount of
exopolysaccharide (capsule polysaccharides) alginate that causes, - persistent respiratory infections - aggravates airway blockage - makes breathing difficult.

Question 16

rifamyacin targets…and treats what disease? (fav again)

Answer 16

RNA polymerase of TB - cant be used to treat e.coli due to rapid turnover

Question 17

rifamycin can bind…(opposite)

Answer 17

and inhibit rna polymerase

Question 18

ex. of complex relationships (tu’s dental is complex)

Answer 18

microbes of different species are attached to tooth surface, mucous membrane of intestine and other body areas

Question 19

biofilms - medical device….(eyes, heart, joints, cath, ute)

Answer 19

implantation ( catheters, heart valves, contact lenses, IUD, prosthetic joints etc)

Question 20

biofilms - reservoir of..(strep for me was..)

Answer 20

pathogens for recurring infections - are formed on surfaces that are in contact with fluids

Question 21

ex of cooperative interactions (cooperative mouth)

Answer 21

O2 utilization and anaerobic bacterial growth in mouth. biofilm allows anaerobic bacteria to survive

Question 22

concentrate and conserve digestive enzymes are often…(conserve the matrix)

Answer 22

protected from immune attack due to the matrix; challenge for medical treatment

Question 23

quarum sensing are (tart)

Answer 23

are attractive antimicrobial tarters.

Question 24

quarum sensing gram + (circle pep)

Answer 24

small linear/circular peptides.

Question 25

quarum sensing gram - (negative quarrel - joseph)

Answer 25

gram - acyl homoserine lactone.

Question 26

generation time

Answer 26

generation time (different topic) - the time it takes for the bacterial pop. to double in size.

Question 27

short generation time

Answer 27

e. coli has a short generation time of 20 min (if

nutrients are available) c. perfringans - 11 -12 min.

Question 28

long generation time

Answer 28

Tuberculosis - 36-48 hour (very slow generation time - slow bc mycolic acid synthesis is a slow process)

Question 29

consequence of slow generation time

Answer 29

anti-tb treatment are very prolonged - month to a year. protein turnover is very slow

Question 30

biofilms in industry

Answer 30

microbes accumulation in pipes, drains and cooling towers

Question 31

biofilms in nature

Answer 31

slipperiness of rocks