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Review Lang F > LFBP December 204 Ia > Flashcards

LFBP December 204 Ia Flashcards

1
Q

Simple way to conceptualize transitive vs intransitive verbs

A

transitive: verb+nom (manger something, regarder le film)

intransitive verb+ prep +nom (parler A quelqu’un, aller a lyon)

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2
Q

when do you conjugate passé composé? (4)

A

1) avoir verb with DO PRECEDING the auxiliary verb (je l’ai vue manon)
2) être verbs
3) reflexive verbs (all être) EXCEPT for when se acts as a IO (imagine removing se and asking if what’s left is transitive or not: se donner= donner à.
4) passive form (avoir+ été+ auxiliary: les enfants ont été punis)

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3
Q

when does quel/quels/quelles agree with past participle?

A

when the noun that quel modifies is the DO of the verb (quelle actrice as-tu préférée? quels employés a-t-il licenciés)

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4
Q

When does combien agree?

A

If it asks how many of the DO: combien d’invitations as-tu reçuES
If it’s not DO then NO agreement: combien de fois as-tu lu ce livre?

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5
Q

When does a relative clause que agree?

A

If the antecedent is the preceding DO of the conjugated verb: la tarte qui j’ai mangée, il a lu tous les livres qu’on lui avait prêtéS

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6
Q

When do you NOT agree the past participle with a relative pronoun even if the antecedent is a DO? (3)

A
  1. When the relative cause has an infinitive and the DO is the DO of the infinitive: Je suis au courant des efforts qu’il a dû faire
  2. laisser/faire+ infinitive regardless of which verb DO is: j’ai cassé mes lunettes car je les ai laissé tomber
  3. impersonal phrases: il a plu, il a paru
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7
Q

Handy way to remember that être verbs agree with subject

A

think of être as preceding adjective so past participles are like adjectives (which we always agree)

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8
Q

Dr et Mrs P Vandertramp

A

devenir, revenir, monter, retourner, sortir, passer, venir, aller, naître, descendre, entrer, rester, tomber, rentre, arriver mourir, partir

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9
Q

Pronounce full ending words

A

contact
Impact
direct
public

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10
Q

it snowed last year

A

l’année dernière il a neigé. Think time capsule…even if it was a year…think of it as occurring WITHIN a period of time

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11
Q

My cat has always slept on my bed (still)

A

mon chat a toujours dormi sur mon lit (tied to present so passé compose!)

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12
Q

Usually verbs expressing states of being or thoughts are imparfait….but can we use passé compose?

A

Yes…for Decisive thoughts (think of isolated actions)

hier soir je voulais sortir mais mon mari n’a pas voulu (he said no)…vs no voulait pas…he didn’t want to.

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13
Q

At the same time

A

En même temps

NOT NOT au même temps. doesn’t exist!

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14
Q

How can you introduce an idea of the future in the past? (2)

A

1) use conditional (papa a appelé pour dire qu’il serait en retard
2) use immediate future c imparfait: nous savions que les oiseaux allaient revenir au nid

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15
Q

what do you need to have to use the plus-que-parfait?

A

need another past tense (or clearly implied)
nous sommes arrivés à la gare mais le train était dejá parti!
comme tu avais fait la vaisselle, je n’ai pas eu besoin de la faire

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16
Q

3 expressions often associated with pluperfect

A

comme
parce que
déjà

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17
Q

How do you form the present participle?

A

take nous form present tene, drop -ons and add -ant. keep spelling changes
mangeons—mangeant
commençons—commençant

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18
Q

3 irregular present participles

A

êtrat—étant
avoir—ayant
savoir—sachant

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19
Q

why can’t you have present participle of il faut, il pleut, il paraît?

A

it can’t be used right after a subject pronoun and these phrases are impersonal with a subject pronoun

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20
Q

4 uses participe présent

A
  1. noun (un gagnant, un perdant)
  2. adjective: des matchs épuisants (exhausting)
  3. Act as a verb modifying a noun fixed….NO pronoun before it
    traversant la rue, elle a perdu son chapeau
  4. Act as a verb modifying a verb: le gérondif!
    Elle lisait en mangeant
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21
Q

Even though it’s not conjugated and can’t follow a subject pronoun directly, how do you “conjugate” participe présent in the negative? reflexive?

A
  1. negative just like a conjugated verb: wrapped between ne/pas: n’etant pas fatigué….
  2. if you have a pronominal verb, the reflexive pronoun needs to match up: nous réussirons en nous appliquant
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22
Q

How do you express “ing” as in I’m eating (2)

A 
Je mange (just use present tense!)
Je suis en train de manger (much more literal at the second)
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23
Q

3 uses of gérondif

A
  1. Modifying another verb: elle parle en regardant lui
  2. Explains how something occurs (“by”) elle a maigri en mangeant moins
  3. Replace a relative pronoun: les médecins parlant français (qui parlent français)
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24
Q

2 Primary differences gérondif vs participe présent

A
  • Participe présent: used as verb, implies simultaneous but not have to be same subject: J’ai vu Bernard sortant de l’école (it’s modifying Bernard a noun)
  • gérondif: needs to be connected to main verb: same subject: J’ai vu Bernard en sortant de l’école (its modifying a very vu here)
  • gerund must have ONE subject…whereas participle present can have multiple subjects
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25
Q

How is past tense expressing was were -ing?

How is future tense expressing will -ing?

A

With imparfait

With future simple (never future immédiat)

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26
Q

How do you express “ing” with same subject?

A

Use infinitive
-dont Forget prepositions for verbs that need it!

Il adore jouer du piano
Nous avons passé la soirée à étudier
Il s’est arrêté de pleuvoir

27
Q

What is special about après

A

NEVER have infinitive right after….need past infinitive….can mean past or present though!

Après avoir pris une douche….
Nous regarderons la télé après avoir dîner

28
Q

2 ways gerund is complement to main verb

A
  1. Describing the main action….almost like an adverb: il travaille en sifflant
  2. Explaining the main action: il s’est blessé en coupant du bois (think of it as a more efficient sentence than parce que)
29
Q

Présent participe: two examples

A

Étant française elle fête le 14 juillet

Vivant à l’étranger elle ne voit pas souvent des parents

30
Q

Compound present participle

A

Think of pluperfect tense

Ayant finit des devoirs, il est allé
La pluie s’étant arrêtée, nous sommes sortis

31
Q

Regarder do ou io

Attendre?

A

Direct! Remember…transitive….you see him (no preposition) je l’ai regardé

Attendre: direct! Je l’attends

32
Q

Sleeping in this new bed

A

Dormir DANS ce nouvel lit

33
Q

They work in 50 degree weather

A

Ils travaillent par des températures de cinquante degrés

34
Q

What
She does what she wants
Here’s all I could find

A

Ce que
Elle fait ce qu’elle veut
Voilà tout ce que j’ai pu trouver

35
Q

Estimer que
Prétendre que
Avertir que

A

Indicatif

36
Q

Quotation marks

A

Guillemets

37
Q

What does infinitive dire need

A

De

Je ne t’ai jamais dit de partir

38
Q

She’ll bake a cake provided she has enough time

A

Elle fera un gâteau pourvu qu’elle ait assez de temps

-SINGLE SUBJECT

39
Q

4 other single subject subjunctives

A

Bien que
Jusqu’à ce que
à moins que
pour peu que (provided that..)

40
Q

It’s not worth it that you do it

A

C’est ne pas la peine que tu la fasse

41
Q

No one would have imagined

There’s not a chance of

A

Personne n’aurait imaginer que…..subj

Il n’y aucune chance que….subj

42
Q

Difference douter and se douter

A

Douter subjonctif….doubt

Se douter: suspect: indicative

43
Q

Il semble vs il me semble

A

Il me semble indicatif

44
Q

It better work after all our efforts!

A

Il y a intérêt à ce que ça marche après tous nos efforts!

Usually y’a intérêt à s’que…

45
Q

To insist that

I insist you come home on time

A

Tenir à ce que

Je tiens à ce que tu rentres à l’heure

46
Q

3 for ne explicatif

A

à moins que
avant que
de peur/de crainte que

47
Q

while…

A

en attendant que (en attendant de+ infinitive)

48
Q

without…

A

sans que (sans+ infinitive)

49
Q

In general, for opinion verbs when do they become subjunctive? (2)

A
  1. negative

2. questions with inversion: pensez-vous qu’ill puisse battre le champion?

50
Q

on dit que

A

indicative

51
Q

j’imagine que…

A

indicative

52
Q

il est temps que…

A

subj

53
Q

le temps que…

A

subj (while waiting)

54
Q

de sorte que

A

sub (in order to…)

55
Q

Random Uses Subjunctive:

1) Superlative (he is the most beautiful baby)

A

Il est le plus beau bébé qui soit

56
Q

Random Uses Subjunctive: Command (2 ways)

-for the third person command when they are absent

A

1) Pourvu que le doct vienne (“may the doc come”)

2) Qu’il fasse ce dont il parle (“may he do what he’s talking about”

57
Q

how do you make this infinitive: il faut que j’aille

A

il ME faut aller

58
Q

ça vous dérange que…

A

sub

59
Q

4 linking words that need future simple after

A

quand
dès que
aussitôt que (as soon as)
au moment où (at the time when)

60
Q

how do we introduce “past” in a future tense (like what will he do when he is done with school?)

A

future antérieur!

que fera-t-il quand il aura terminé ses études?

61
Q

how do you pronounce mets in mets la clima

A

“meh” (NO T)

62
Q

Can you use a passé composé in dependent clause and future in a sentence? if so, how?

A

YES.
it will express something happening if something else has caused it:
S’il n’a pas fini à temps, nous devrons partir san lui

63
Q
  1. How do you express a fact or context?
  2. How about a hypothesis contrary to fact in present?
  3. Fact/context in past—but main clause in present?
  4. Hypothesis contrary to fact in past—main clause in present?
  5. Fact/context in past–main in past
  6. Hypothesis contrary to fact in past-main in past expresses regret
A
  1. present/present: il pleut et on ne sort pas
  2. imperfect/conditional: si julie aimait paul, elle se marierait avec lui
  3. PC/present: tu as raté ton bac et maintenant tu dois redoubler
  4. pluperfect/conditional: si tu avais reussi ton bac tu ne redoublerais pas ta terminale
  5. PC and/or pluperfect: marie n’a pas fait ses devoirs car qu’elle avait oublié son livre
  6. pluperfect/past conditional: si j’avais habité en France, j’aurais appris le français
64
Q

what happens to un,une and des after negative

what’s the exception?

A

turn to DE

except for être Ce garçon n’est pas UN étudiant

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