Watson Lymph part 2

Question 1

Adaptive immunity responds more ___ than innate immunity

Answer 1

slowly

Question 2

In Adaptive immunity one must be ___ to a specific antigen for response to be initiated

Answer 2

exposed

Question 3

it takes ___ days to mount a response, but after this point, it is dominant response

Answer 3

3–5

Question 4

There are two “arms” of adaptive immune system:

Answer 4

cell-mediated

antibody-mediated

Question 5

antibody-mediated immunity is aka

Answer 5

humoral immunity

Question 6

cell-mediated is done by __ cells

Answer 6

T cells

Question 7

___ immunity is first arm of adaptive immune system

Answer 7

Cell-mediated

Question 8

NK cells are cytotoxic cells that lyse and kill __ cells and cells infect with certain __

Answer 8

cancer cells

viruses

Question 9

___ is a cytokine that prevents viral replication in infected cells

Answer 9

interferon

Question 10

when B cells are activated they become __ cells and ___ cells

Answer 10

memory and plasma cells

Question 11

antibodies you get from mom

Answer 11

G, A

Question 12

most active antibody

Answer 12

M

Question 13

G

Answer 13

most common antibody; crosses placenta

Question 14

A

Answer 14

antibody found in secretions

Question 15

M

Answer 15

pentamer and potent agglutinating agent

Question 16

in the primary immune response, the lag phase lasts about 5 days, during which time __ cells proliferate and differentiate

Answer 16

B cells

Question 17

The secondary immune response is mediated by __ cells

Answer 17

memory

Question 18

___ vaccines consist of pathogens that are alive but unable to cause disease

Answer 18

attenuated

Question 19

vaccinations are given to induce the production of __ cells

Answer 19

memory cells

Question 20

what kind of cells have class 1 MHC

Answer 20

all nucleated cells

Question 21

class 1 MHC molecules display ___ antigens and activate ___ cells

Answer 21

endogenous antigens and activate cytotoxic t cells

Question 22

Class 2 MHC molecules display ___ antigens and activate __ cells

Answer 22

exogenous antigens and activate helper t cells

Question 23

helper t cells stimulate macrophages, B cells, activate t cells, but don’t stimulate

Answer 23

clonal selection

Question 24

the cells involved in transplant rejection are mostly __ t cells

Answer 24

cytotoxic t cells

Question 25

the immune response to a viral infection involves __ cells and different kinds of

Answer 25

NK cells | lymphocytes

Question 26

Cancer cells are destroyed by __ cells, __ t cells, and __

Answer 26

NK cells cytotoxic t cells macrophages

Question 27

Type 1 hypersensitivity is due to release of inflammatory mediators from ___, and type 4 hypersensitivity is due to the actions of ___

Answer 27

mast cells | helper t cells

Question 28

These cells respond primarily to cells infected with intracellular pathogens (viruses and intracellular bacteria)

Answer 28

t cells

Question 29

These cells respond to cancer cells

Answer 29

t cells

Question 30

These cells respond to foreign cells such as those from a transplanted organ

Answer 30

t cells

Question 31

Each population of T cells that can respond to a specific antigen is known as a

Answer 31

clone

Question 32

known as __ T cells because they have not yet encountered their specific antigens

Answer 32

naïve

Question 33

Only certain antigens, called ___, are capable of generating a response from immune system

Answer 33

immunogens

Question 34

___ are very small antigens that are immunogenic only if they are attached to a protein carrier

Answer 34

Haptens

Question 35

Unique portion of antigen to which receptor binds is known as its

Answer 35

antigenic determinant

Question 36

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells generally interact only with class __ MHC molecules

Answer 36

1

Question 37

Helper T (TH) cells generally interact with class _ MHC molecules

Answer 37

2

Question 38

Class II MHC molecules present ___ antigens

Answer 38

exogenous

Question 39

Full T cell activation requires interaction of T cell with other molecules on antigen-presenting cells called

Answer 39

co-stimulators

Question 40

T cell receptors normally have __ affinity for their MHC-antigen complexes; protective mechanism that prevents unnecessary T cell activation

Answer 40

low

Question 41

primary function of cytotoxic T cells is to kill other cells, specifically those with foreign antigens bound to class _ MHC molecules

Answer 41

1

Question 42

programmed cell death

Answer 42

apoptosis

Question 43

An activated TC cell binds its target cell, after which it releases a protein called ___

Answer 43

perforin

Question 44

A group of B cells that bind to a specific antigen is known as a

Answer 44

clone

Question 45

immunoglobulins or gamma globulins are both types of

Answer 45

antibodies

Question 46

B cells that are not exposed to their specific antigens within a few days to a few weeks

Answer 46

die

Question 47

clonal selection is process when an antigen binds to a B cell receptor on surface of a specific B cell clone (said to be ___)

Answer 47

sensitized

Question 48

Sensitized B cell processes antigen and presents it on its class __ MHC molecules; B cell then binds to a __ cell to become fully activated

Answer 48

``` class 2 helper t cell ```

Question 49

Basic subunit of an antibody is a Y-shaped molecule formed from four ___ chains, two heavy (H) and two ___ (L) chains

Answer 49

peptide | light

Question 50

each antibody has 2 regions:

Answer 50

constant | variable

Question 51

Most ___ don’t directly “kill” pathogens

Answer 51

antibodies

Question 52

Primary immune response | Antibody levels peak about __ days after antigen is encountered; it is during lag phase that you generally feel “sick”

Answer 52

7–14

Question 53

Primary immune response there is an initial 4- to 5-day __ phase as the B cells proliferate, differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells, and begin to secrete antibodies

Answer 53

lag

Question 54

When these memory B cells encounter antigen for which they are specific, __ immune response begins

Answer 54

secondary

Question 55

with certain pathogens, only a portion of pathogen that causes disease is required to develop immunity

Answer 55

Subunit vaccines

Question 56

Vaccinations called ___ contain inactivated toxins from these bacteria; induce immune system to produce antibodies to toxins

Answer 56

toxoids

Question 57

involve tissue transplanted from one site to another in same individual

Answer 57

Autografts

Question 58

involve organs and tissues transplanted between two genetically identical individuals; like autografts these result in no response from TC cells because antigens bound to class I MHC molecules are not recognized as foreign

Answer 58

Isografts

Question 59

most common type of grafts; involve organs and tissues transplanted between two nonidentical individuals of same species

Answer 59

Allografts