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aa Orgo > Watson Lymph part 2 > Flashcards

Watson Lymph part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptive immunity responds more ___ than innate immunity

A

slowly

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2
Q

In Adaptive immunity one must be ___ to a specific antigen for response to be initiated

A

exposed

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3
Q

it takes ___ days to mount a response, but after this point, it is dominant response

A

3–5

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4
Q

There are two “arms” of adaptive immune system:

A

cell-mediated

antibody-mediated

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5
Q

antibody-mediated immunity is aka

A

humoral immunity

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6
Q

cell-mediated is done by __ cells

A

T cells

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7
Q

___ immunity is first arm of adaptive immune system

A

Cell-mediated

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8
Q

NK cells are cytotoxic cells that lyse and kill __ cells and cells infect with certain __

A

cancer cells

viruses

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9
Q

___ is a cytokine that prevents viral replication in infected cells

A

interferon

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10
Q

when B cells are activated they become __ cells and ___ cells

A

memory and plasma cells

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11
Q

antibodies you get from mom

A

G, A

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12
Q

most active antibody

A

M

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13
Q

G

A

most common antibody; crosses placenta

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14
Q

A

A

antibody found in secretions

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15
Q

M

A

pentamer and potent agglutinating agent

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16
Q

in the primary immune response, the lag phase lasts about 5 days, during which time __ cells proliferate and differentiate

A

B cells

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17
Q

The secondary immune response is mediated by __ cells

A

memory

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18
Q

___ vaccines consist of pathogens that are alive but unable to cause disease

A

attenuated

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19
Q

vaccinations are given to induce the production of __ cells

A

memory cells

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20
Q

what kind of cells have class 1 MHC

A

all nucleated cells

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21
Q

class 1 MHC molecules display ___ antigens and activate ___ cells

A

endogenous antigens and activate cytotoxic t cells

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22
Q

Class 2 MHC molecules display ___ antigens and activate __ cells

A

exogenous antigens and activate helper t cells

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23
Q

helper t cells stimulate macrophages, B cells, activate t cells, but don’t stimulate

A

clonal selection

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24
Q

the cells involved in transplant rejection are mostly __ t cells

A

cytotoxic t cells

25
Q

the immune response to a viral infection involves __ cells and different kinds of

A

NK cells

lymphocytes

26
Q

Cancer cells are destroyed by __ cells, __ t cells, and __

A

NK cells
cytotoxic t cells
macrophages

27
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is due to release of inflammatory mediators from ___, and type 4 hypersensitivity is due to the actions of ___

A

mast cells

helper t cells

28
Q

These cells respond primarily to cells infected with intracellular pathogens (viruses and intracellular bacteria)

A

t cells

29
Q

These cells respond to cancer cells

A

t cells

30
Q

These cells respond to foreign cells such as those from a transplanted organ

A

t cells

31
Q

Each population of T cells that can respond to a specific antigen is known as a

A

clone

32
Q

known as __ T cells because they have not yet encountered their specific antigens

A

naïve

33
Q

Only certain antigens, called ___, are capable of generating a response from immune system

A

immunogens

34
Q

___ are very small antigens that are immunogenic only if they are attached to a protein carrier

A

Haptens

35
Q

Unique portion of antigen to which receptor binds is known as its

A

antigenic determinant

36
Q

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells generally interact only with class __ MHC molecules

A

1

37
Q

Helper T (TH) cells generally interact with class _ MHC molecules

A

2

38
Q

Class II MHC molecules present ___ antigens

A

exogenous

39
Q

Full T cell activation requires interaction of T cell with other molecules on antigen-presenting cells called

A

co-stimulators

40
Q

T cell receptors normally have __ affinity for their MHC-antigen complexes; protective mechanism that prevents unnecessary T cell activation

A

low

41
Q

primary function of cytotoxic T cells is to kill other cells, specifically those with foreign antigens bound to class _ MHC molecules

A

1

42
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

43
Q

An activated TC cell binds its target cell, after which it releases a protein called ___

A

perforin

44
Q

A group of B cells that bind to a specific antigen is known as a

A

clone

45
Q

immunoglobulins or gamma globulins are both types of

A

antibodies

46
Q

B cells that are not exposed to their specific antigens within a few days to a few weeks

A

die

47
Q

clonal selection is process when an antigen binds to a B cell receptor on surface of a specific B cell clone (said to be ___)

A

sensitized

48
Q

Sensitized B cell processes antigen and presents it on its class __ MHC molecules; B cell then binds to a __ cell to become fully activated

A 
class 2 
helper t cell
49
Q

Basic subunit of an antibody is a Y-shaped molecule formed from four ___ chains, two heavy (H) and two ___ (L) chains

A

peptide

light

50
Q

each antibody has 2 regions:

A

constant

variable

51
Q

Most ___ don’t directly “kill” pathogens

A

antibodies

52
Q

Primary immune response

Antibody levels peak about __ days after antigen is encountered; it is during lag phase that you generally feel “sick”

A

7–14

53
Q

Primary immune response
there is an initial 4- to 5-day __ phase as the B cells proliferate, differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells, and begin to secrete antibodies

A

lag

54
Q

When these memory B cells encounter antigen for which they are specific, __ immune response begins

A

secondary

55
Q

with certain pathogens, only a portion of pathogen that causes disease is required to develop immunity

A

Subunit vaccines

56
Q

Vaccinations called ___ contain inactivated toxins from these bacteria; induce immune system to produce antibodies to toxins

A

toxoids

57
Q

involve tissue transplanted from one site to another in same individual

A

Autografts

58
Q

involve organs and tissues transplanted between two genetically identical individuals; like autografts these result in no response from TC cells because antigens bound to class I MHC molecules are not recognized as foreign

A

Isografts

59
Q

most common type of grafts; involve organs and tissues transplanted between two nonidentical individuals of same species

A

Allografts

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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