344 chap 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
the cell surface is surrounded by a fuzzy layer called the cell coat or
glycocalyx
the cell coat contain tissue transplant ___
antigens
ribosomes are the site of ___ synthesis
protein
The ER functions as a tubular communication system through which substances can be
transported
mitochondria contain their own ___ which is used for protein synthesis
DNA
slender, stiff tubular structures that influence cell shape
microtubules
provide a means of moving organelles through the cytoplasm
microtubules
for cilia, flagella, and centrioles
microtubules
dynamic, thin, threadlike structures that are important in cell movement and organelle positioning
microfilaments
supporting and maintaining the shape of cells and participate in numerous cellular processes
intermediate filaments
2 pathways for energy conversion are
anaerobic glycolytic pathway and aerobic pathway
anaerobic glycolytic pathway occurs in the
cytoplasm
aerobic pathway occurs in the
mitochondria
the most efficient pathway is the __ __ cycle and __ __ chain
citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
The “citric acid cycle and electron transport chain” pathway converts __ to ATP
ADP
The glycolytic pathway in the cytoplasm involves the breakdown of glucose to form
ATP
The glycolytic pathway can function without oxygen by producing __ __
lactic acid
Cells communicate with each other using chemical messengers that bind to receptors. The 3 kinds of receptors are G protein linked, __ linked, and ___ linked
enzyme linked and channel linked
One type of enzyme linked receptor is widely used in hormonal control of cell function and involves the activation of an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of
cAMP
term for when there is no net movement of a particular ion across a membrane
equilibrium potential
tissue type that forms that functional components of glandular structures
epithelial
The most abundant connective tissue cells:
fibroblasts
Type of cell that makes collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, etc
fibroblasts
unlike skeletal, smooth muscle depends on extracellular ___ ions for contraction
extracellular calcium