HESI Nervous Tissue Flashcards
ER in a neuron is called ___ ___
Nissl bodies
axon meets the soma at the
axon hillock
the branches at the end of an axon are called
telodendria
the 3 functional classifications of neurons are sensory, motor, and
association or interneurons
type of neuron thats located in the CNS and work between sensory and motor neurons
interneurons
most common type of neuron (functional classification)
interneuron
a nerve fiber refers to
an axon
a bundle of axons is a
nerve
cell bodies are usually grouped into bundles called
ganglia
the outer layer that surrounds and entire nerve
epineurium
the middle layer that surrounds a bundle of axons
perineurium
layer surrounding each individual axon
endoneurium
a nerve ____ is a bundle of fibers in the CNS
nerve tract
neuroglia, CNS, have star shaped appearance
astrocytes
neuroglia, CNS, creates the myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes
neuroglia, CNS, phagocytic
microglia
neuroglia, CNS, line the fluid filled cavities in the CNS
ependymal cells
neuroglia, PNS, create the myelin sheath
schwann cells
neuroglia, PNS, surround the cell bodies
satellite cells
axon potentials jumping from node to node is called ____ conduction
saltatory
____ matter contains myelination
white
_____ matter doesn’t have myelination
gray
In an unstimulated nerve, the inside has a ___ charge compared to the outside
negative
polarization of the unstimulated nerve is maintained by keeping lots of ___ ions on the outside and lots of ___ ions on the inside
Na
K
The inside of the resting cell is negative mostly because of negative ____ and ____ ____ inside the cell
proteins and nucleic acids
Ions can cross through the nerves membrane through ___ ____ in response to neurotransmitter, changes in membrane potential, etc
gated channels
_____ potential describes the state of the neuron when it’s at -70 mv
resting potential
a ____ _____ is a change in the resting potential of the plasma membrane in response to a stimulus
graded potential
a nerve membrane depolarizes by opening channels that
let in Na
if a stimulus opens up K+ gated channels, the membranes becomes _____
hyperpolarized
unlike a graded potential, an ____ ____ can travel long distances
action potential
_____ is the opposite of resting potential because now K is on the outside and Na is on the inside
repolarization
In this period, the Na and K are still in switched positions, so the cell won’t respond to another stimulus yet
refractory
chemical synapse, when an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the ______ of the membrane causes gated channels to open the allow __ to enter
Ca2+
chemical synapse, the influx of Ca2 into the terminal end causes _____ ____ to release a ______
synaptic vesicles
neurotransmitter
chemical synapse, if the neurotransmitter allows more Na and Ca to enter the postsynaptic cell
an action potential is generated (cell is excited)
chemical synapse, the neurotransmitter allows K to exit or Cl- to enter the postsynaptic cell
an action potential is probably stoped
common neurotransmitter, commonly stimulates muscles to contract by opening gated positive ion channels
ACh
common neurotransmitter, derived from amino acids and are secreted mostly between neurons of the CNS (4 of them)
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
common neurotransmitter, a common inhibitory transmitter
GABA
What area of the brain deals with understanding written or verbal speech?
Weirnecke’s area
The sodium-potassium pumps moves how many of each ion at a time
3 sodium out
2 potassium in
nerve that stimulates the diaphragm
phrenic
nerve for the anterior arm and lateral forearm
musculocutaneous
nerve for anterior forearm and some of the hand
median nerve
nerve for the medial thigh
obturator nerve
nerve for the perineum
pudendal neve
