Watson Heart Flashcards
flattened part of the heart
base
Externally, an indentation known as the ___ ___ is at the boundary between the atria and ventricles
atrioventricular sulcus
the left side of the heart is also called the ___ pump
systemic pump
the heart produces the hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide
Function of ANP
lowers heart rate
the pericardial cavity is located between
the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium
flap like extension from the atriums
auricle
largest artery of the systemic circuit
aorta
drainage point for the coronary veins
coronary sinus
finger like projections of ventricular muscle
papillary muscle
remnant of a hole present in the fetal interarterial septum
fossa ovalis
ridges of muscle in the atria
pectinate muscle
2 largest veins of the systemic circuit
venae cavae
main artery of the pulmonary circuit
pulmonary trunk
extensions that attach papillary muscles to valves
chordae tendineae
veins that drain the pulmonary circuit
pulmonary veins
the pericardial cavity is located between
the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
The coronary arteries are the first branches off the ___ ___
ascending aorta
The right coronary artery becomes the ___ ___ ____
posterior interventricular artery
the left coronary artery branches into the ___ ___ ___ and ___ ___
anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
Pacemaker cells are ___ meaning they spontaneously generate impulses
autorhythmic
Compared to other cardiac cells, pacemakers have fewer ___ ___ and lack ___ channels
contractile elements and Na channels
The rapid depolarization phase of the contractile cell action potential is due to the opening of ___ channels
sodium
Pacemaker cells lack a ___ phase
plateau phase
The plateau phase in contractile cells is due to the influx of ___ ions through
calcium
the repolarization phase of the contractile cell is due to the ___ ions rushing out of the cell
potassium
Open ___ ion channels cause hyperpolarization in pacemaker cells, which triggers nonselective cation channels to open
potassium
Open potassium ion channels cause hyperpolarization in pacemaker cells, which triggers ___ ___ channels to open and begins a new action potential
nonspecific cation
the ___ ___ lengthens and strengths contraction
plateau phase
the plateau phase lengthens the ___ ___ period
cardiac refractory period
What prevents tetanus in the heart muscle
the plateau phase (by increasing the refractory period)
the ___ ___ is the primary pacemaker
sinoatrial node
the AV node delay allows the atria and ventricles to ___ and ___ separately
depolarize and contract separately
ECG depolarization of the atria
p wave
ECG depolarization of the ventricles
QRS complex
ECG repolarization of the ventricles
T wave
the contraction portion of the cardiac cycle
systole
Atrial systole ejects about ___ % of the blood into the ventricles during the inflow phase
20%
The amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of the inflow phase is the __ ___ volume
end diastolic volume
The ventricular ejection phase generally correlates with the __ wave
T
which is the strongest chamber
left ventricle
the S1 sound is caused by the closing of the ___ valves
AV
