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aa Orgo > 409 Final 4 (CKD) > Flashcards

409 Final 4 (CKD) Flashcards

1
Q

Prognosis of CKD

A

its progressive and they don’t recover

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2
Q

ESKD is when

A

the functioning is so low that it can’t sustain the patients life

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3
Q

The stages of CKD are based on

A

GFR, which declines in each stage

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4
Q

“Renal Reserve” means

A

the amount of extra work the kidneys can handle

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5
Q

a person in stage 1 could have normal GFR, but

A

their renal reserve is decreased so they can’t handle extra stress from infection etc

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6
Q

renal reserve is decreased because the nephrons are

A

over compensating just to reach the normal GFR

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7
Q

In mild CKD, you still won’t see much a____

A

azotemia

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8
Q

In mild CKD, you might have increased ___ of ___

A

output of urine

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9
Q

In mild CKD the urine may be decreased and also

A

dilute

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10
Q

By the following doctors orders (i.e. diet and BP medication) can

A

slow the progression of mild CKD

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11
Q

In moderate CKD, the nephrons can’t

A

handle the normal workload anymore.

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12
Q

Severe/ESKD: You can’t make ___ urine

A

dilute

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13
Q

Severe/ESKD: the urine osmolarity is

A

fixed

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14
Q

Severe/ESKD: output

A

decreased

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15
Q

EARLY in CKD, the patient could have decreased sodium because

A

the nephrons don’t work well enough to reabsorb Na, also Na is lost because of polyuria

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16
Q

LATE in CKD, they have increased sodium because now

A

urine output is decreased

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17
Q

acid base balance in Early CKD

A

it’s not affected

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18
Q

acid base balance in Late CKD

A

you get metabolic acidosis because you’re not getting rid of hydrogen ions (also you have less bicarb)

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19
Q

in Late CKD the meta acidosis causes this respiratory finding

A

kussmaul

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20
Q

In early CKD you have ___ phosphate and ___ calcium

A

increase phosphate, decreased calcium (this affects bone density)

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21
Q

CKD cardiac changes: common BP finding

A

htn

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22
Q

CKD cardiac changes: HF can occur when the heart can’t handle the

A

excess fluid volume

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23
Q

Pericarditis can occurs because

A

the uremic wastes infects the pericardial fluids

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24
Q

2 signs of tamponade

A

decreased pulse pressure

bradycardia

25
Q

Anemia is common in ___ CKD

A

late

26
Q

Food might

A

taste different

27
Q

2 of the main diseases that cause CKD

A

DM and HTN

28
Q

Teach people to manage these diseases, stay hydrated, don’t abuse NSAIDs because they

A

reduce kidney perfusion

29
Q

Because of hematologic changes, they may report

A

bruising/bleeding

30
Q

Encephalopathy can cause __ and __

A

sz and coma

31
Q

Encephalopathy is treated with

A

dial

32
Q

SOB with exertion or at night suggests

A

fluid overload

33
Q

Thick sputum can indicate

A

uremic lung

34
Q

Skin findings

A

color can change a little

itchy

35
Q

In late CKD, if you don’t restrict protein,

A

the BUN can increase 10 or 20 times the normal amount

36
Q

Imaging: if CKD progresses RAPIDLY you may want US or CT to rule out

A

obstruction

37
Q

Diuretics can be used for managing fluid volume and BP. However,

A

by the time you’re in ESKD, you shouldn’t be using diuretics because they can harm the patient

38
Q

remember the conversion from kg to L

A

1 to 1

39
Q

Weigh after the pt

A

voided

40
Q

Treat PE with highfowlers, O2, and

A

diuretics

41
Q

During pulmonary edema, you may need to decrease heart O2 demand with

A

morphine

42
Q

Nutrition: patients starting HD or PD need increased

A

protein

43
Q

In patients on dial, how much Na can they have

A

2 to 4 grams

44
Q

Digoxin range is

A

0.8 to 2.0

45
Q

Aluminum-based phosphate binders can cause

A

neuro problems if taken for a long time

46
Q

As CKD progresses, you may need to decrease insulin dose because

A

the kidneys aren’t excreting insulin as quickly as before

47
Q

A drug that can help with fatigue

A

erythropoetin

48
Q

Anticoagulants (like ___) are needed during dial

A

heparin

49
Q

AV fistulas and grafts shouldn’t be used for

A

giving fluids

50
Q

After HD, you would expect some degree of decrease weight and decrease BP. You might need to treat with

A

NS

51
Q

After HD, slight temp is normal because

A

the machine warms the blood

52
Q

HD: Neuro changes can indicate d____ ____

A

disequilibrium syndrome

53
Q

HD: disequilibrium syndrome can be prevented by

A

starting dial slowing and gradually

54
Q

PD is a better choice if the pt can’t tolerate

A

anticoagulants

55
Q

PD: If the effluent is very cloudy it can indicate

A

peritonitis

56
Q

PD: What should everyone wear

A

you should wear mask and sterile gloves

patient should wear mask

57
Q

PD: you’re using ___ technique

A

aspetic

58
Q

PD: In the beginning, it can cause pain; ____ing the solution can increase comfort

A

warming

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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