4092 3 HIV Flashcards
Transmission Through these body fluids (not the obvious ones)
- Rectal fluids
- Vaginal fluids
- Breast milk
the only accepted barrier to prevent std & HIV transmission
condom
Number 1 type of sex to spread HIV
anal
If stuck by needle, a nurse should
- wash with soap and water,
- contact supervisor,
- seek immediate medical attention,
- complete incident report
A procedure that is recommended for mothers who are HIV positive
C section
Transmission from infected mother can happen during
pregnancy, birth, or breast feeding
Can you get HIV in a blood transfusion
Yesy, if the blood transfusion is done before antibodies can be detected in donated blood
How long does it take for symptoms to occur and what’s something else of note
2 to 4 weeks after infected) Not all people have symptoms
Most common symptoms
fever
HIV symptoms: CD4 cells
drop and then return to normal
ELISA test: if positive
repeat the test. If it’s positive again, do a western blot
Western Blot confirms diagnosis by
detecting viral load in blood
Category A: T cell count
500
Category B: T cell count
200 to 499
Category C: T cell count
less than 200
Category A description
HIV positive with one or more of the following:
- Asymptomatic
- Persistent lymph adenopathy
- Symptoms formerly known as (anorexia, weight loss, fever, night sweats, rash, lowered resistance to infection)
HIV dementia: Minor Cognitive Motor Disorder symptoms
- Difficulty concentrating
- Forgetfulness
- Slowed movements
- Changes in personality
- Lack of coordination
HIV dementia: AIDS Dementia Complex is usually seen
in the late stages of HIV/AIDS
HIV dementia: AIDS Dementia Complex symptoms
- Poor concentration
- Mental slowness
- Difficulty learning new things
- Changes in behavior
- Forgetfulness/Memory loss
- Confusion
- Difficulty finding words
- Withdrawal from hobbies or social activities
- Depression
Symptoms of worsening dementia can include:
- Speech problems
- Balance problems
- Muscle weakness
- Vision problems
- Loss of bladder/bowel control
HIV nursing dx
Risk for Infection Risk for deficient fluid volume Risk for activity intolerance Risk for impaired skin integrity Risk for impaired oral mucosa
Besides blood, 2 fluids tested for HIV
saliva and urine
What are 6 diseases to watch out for as complications
Pneumocystis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Respiratory infections Traveler’s diarrhea Cytomegalovirus
Another nursing dx: Risk for Ineffective
Therapeutic Regimen Management
An event, such as cofactors (____ ____ or _____), can stimulate HIV replication.
herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus
Individuals with fewer than ___ CD4 T cells are at risk for opportunistic infections
200
Normal CD4 T-cell count is
600 to 1200
Initially, an individual commonly suffers an acute infection that is quite similar to m______
mononucleosis
Initial symptoms usually occur within 3 weeks of first
exposure to HIV, after which the person become
asymptomatic
When can people infected with HIV can transmit the virus to others
any time after infection has occurred, whether they are symptomatic or asymptomatic
the definition of AIDS (end-stage infection) includes persons with specific serious opportunistic infections such as
PCP,
CMV,
or Kaposi sarcoma.
Risk group: IV drug abusers and those who have had
tattoos or acupuncture
Risk group: Recipients of blood products prior to
1985
Risk group: Those taking medications such as s____ or
steroids or other agents that cause immunosuppression
Primary infection stage: T-cell count of at least
at least 800
Asymptomatic stage can last for
10 years or more
Symptomatic stage: finding of the oral cavity
hairy leukoplakia
Polymerase chain reaction test
it’s used for newborns; it tells you if the newborn is producing its own antibodies or if you’re detecting the mother’s antibodies
How much weight loss might the person have in the symptomatic time
more than 10 pounds in 2 months
What kind of food should the client avoid
fatty foods
Standard precaution: even if gloves were worn you should
wash your hands
Standard precaution: wear gloves when
touching fluids or broken skin
Standard precaution: gown
when there might me splashing
Standard precaution: use mouth piece for
resuscitation
