Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aa Orgo > 4092 6 cancer > Flashcards

4092 6 cancer Flashcards

1
Q

teletherapy

A

a type of radiation therapy that uses an external beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

brachytherapy

A

Internal radiation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 Routes of administration of chemotherapy administration

A

IV, regional, oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myelosuppression

A

Bone marrow suppression; which means there’s less RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomatitis

A

swelling/sores of the mouth (its a side effect of cancer treatment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neoplasm

A

a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tumor

A

a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 Stages of Carcinogenesis

A

Initiation
Promotion
Malignant conversion
Progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell Cycle Replication

A 
G0 phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 Benign tissue examples

A

Fibromas
Lipomas
Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 Malignant tissue examples

A

Carcinoma in situ
Malignant fibrosarcomas
Bronchogenic carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics

A

Oncogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the expression of oncogenes may be caused by the decrease in the body’s immune surveillance (caused by ___, ___)

A

stress, carcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central to the theories of cancer: damaged ___

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central to the theories of cancer: Impairment of the

A

immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellular Mutation: Initiation: Permanent

A

Permanent damage in the cellular DNA as a result to exposure to a carcinogen (radiation, chemicals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cellular Mutation: Promotion: May

A

May last for years, includes conditions such as smoking or alcohol use that act repeatedly on the already affected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cellular Mutation: Progression: Inherited

A

Inherited changes acquired during the cell replication develop into a cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CA Risk Factors: p____

A

poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carcinogens: hormones like

A

estrogen and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carcinogens: End products of metabolism, (eg. ___ ___)

A

Bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age

A

40

23
Q

Cervical Cancer: Screening should begin approximately

A

three years after a women begins having vaginal intercourse, but no later than 21 years of age

24
Q

Cervical Cancer: Screening should be done every year with Pap tests or

A

every two years using liquid-based tests

25
Q

Cervical Cancer: At or after age 30, women who have had three normal test results in a row may get screened

A

every 2-3 years

26
Q

Cervical Cancer: Women 70 and older who have had three or more consecutive Pap tests in the last ten years may

A

choose to stop cervical cancer screening

27
Q

Cervical Cancer: Screening after a total hysterectomy (with removal of the cervix) is not necessary unless

A

the surgery was done as a treatment for cervical cancer

28
Q

Colon Cancer: starting at 50 you can do one of these 5 choices

A
  • FOBT, yearly
  • sigmoidoscopy, 5 years
  • FOBT plus sigmoidoscopy, 5 years
  • double-contrast barium enema, 5 years
  • colonoscopy, 10 years
29
Q

Prostate Cancer: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and the digital rectal examination (DRE) should be offered annually, beginning at age

A

50

30
Q

Primary prevention:

A

limiting exposure to carcinogens and increasing protective factors

31
Q

Secondary prevention:

A

Identifying high risk groups, screening them

32
Q

a measure of cancer occurrence in terms of cancer incidence and mortalilty

A

Absolute risk

33
Q

an estimate of increased probability of developing a certain cancer based on amount of exposure to the associated risk factors. The higher the relative risk, the greater the risk of developing that specific cancer

A

Relative risk

34
Q

the arithmetic difference in cancer rates between the group exposed to the factor and the unexposed group factor

A

Attributable risk

35
Q

Benign tumors do not

A

metastasize

36
Q

highly differentiated tumor

A

Benign

37
Q

slow growing tumor

A

Benign

38
Q

poorly differentiated tumor

A

Malignant

39
Q

tumor that is Cohesive

A

Benign

40
Q

tumor that has Well-defined borders

A

Benign

41
Q

tumor that Pushes other tissues out of the way

A

Benign

42
Q

tumor that Does not recur

A

Benign

43
Q

tumor that Does not stop at tissue border

A

Malignant

44
Q

tumor that Invades and destroys surrounding tissues

A

Malignant

45
Q

tumor that Metastasizes to distant sites

A

Malignant

46
Q

Malignant Cells have simplified

A

metabolic activity (work is more simple that normal cells)

47
Q 
C
A
U
T
I
O
N
A 
Change in bowel habits
A sore that won't heal 
Unusual bleeding
Thickening of a lump
Indigestion 
Obvious change is a mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness
48
Q

Dx testing: hormones you might look for

A

HCG

Calcitonin

49
Q

Dx testing: Oncofetal antiagens you might look for

A

CEA

AFP

50
Q

Dx testing: Specific proteins you might look for

A

PSA
Immunoglobulin (monoclonal)
CA 125
CA-19-9

51
Q

the treatment of choice for most types of cancer

A

chemo

52
Q

Chemotherapy may be use as adjuvant treatment with

A

surgery and radiation

53
Q

destroys cancer cells with minimal exposure of normal cells to the damaging effects

A

Radiation therapy

54
Q

effective on tissues directly within the path of the beam

A

Radiation therapy

aa Orgo (196 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions