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406 2 Flashcards

1
Q

between ovulation and the beginning of the next cycle there are exactly

A

14 days

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2
Q

life time of sperm and eggs

A

sperm is 3 days,

egg 1 day

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3
Q

rhythm method of BC

A

avoid sex a few days before and after the ovulation day

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4
Q

Menstrual phase: Days

A

1 to 5 of cycle

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5
Q

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Shedding of the endometrium occurs in the form of
uterine bleeding.

A

Menstrual phase

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6
Q

Proliferation (follicular) phase: Day

A

5 to ovulation

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7
Q

Endometrium is restored under primary hormone influence of estrogen.

A

proliferation (follicular) phase

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8
Q

Preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) converts the follicle to a

A

corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.

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9
Q

Preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) converts the follicle to a corpus luteum, which produces

A

progesterone

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10
Q

Secretory (luteal) phase: Ovulation to approximately

A

3 days before menstrual cycle

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11
Q

Indications of ovulation: temp

A

A slight drop in temperature occurs 1 day prior to ovulation; a rise of 0.5° to 1° F in temperature occurs at ovulation.

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12
Q

Cervical mucus is abundant, watery, clear, and more alkaline during

A

ovulation

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13
Q

Indications of ovulation: Cervical os

A

dilates slightly, softens, and rises in the vagina

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14
Q

egg-white stretchiness of cervical mucus) that is present during ovulation

A

Spinnbarkeit

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15
Q

Indications of ovulation: ___ is seen under microscope

A

Ferning

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16
Q

Fertilization takes place in ampulla (outer third) section of the

A

fallopian tube

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17
Q

The zygote (fertilized ovum) takes __ to _ days to enter the uterus.

A

3 to 4

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18
Q

It takes __ to __ days to complete the process of nida- tion (implantation).

A

7 to 10

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19
Q

Zygote exists

A

12 to 14 days after fertilization

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20
Q

Embryo exists

A

3 to 8 weeks after fertilization

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21
Q

Embryo most vulnerable to

A

teratogens

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22
Q

Embryo most vulnerable to teratogens which can cause

A

major congenital anomalies

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23
Q

Fetus exists from

A

9 weeks after fertilization to term (38+ weeks)

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24
Q

Pregnancy length: counted from the

A

first day of last menstrual period (LMP)

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25
Q

Pregnancy divided into three __ week trimesters:

A

13

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26
Q

Because some women experience __ ___ they don’t know they’re pregnant

A

implantation bleeding

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27
Q

Heart begins to pump blood.

A

8Weeks

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28
Q

Limb buds

A

8Weeks

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29
Q

8Weeks: Facial features are

A

discernible

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30
Q

8Weeks: Major divisions of brain are

A

discernible

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31
Q

Ears develop from skin folds.

A

8Weeks

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32
Q

Weight is 2 g.

A

8Weeks

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33
Q

Uterus changes from pear to globular shape.

A

8Weeks

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34
Q

softening of the isthmus of cervix

A

Hegar sign

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35
Q

softening of cervix

A

Goodell sign

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36
Q

Goodell sign and Hegar signs occur

A

8Weeks

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37
Q

Cervix flexes.

A

8Weeks

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38
Q

Leukorrhea increases.

A

8Weeks

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39
Q

bluing of vagina

A

Chadwick sign

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40
Q

Chadwick sign occur

A

8Weeks

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41
Q

Teach prevention of nausea: Suggest eating dry crackers before

A

getting out of bed in the morning

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42
Q

Teach prevention of nausea: avoid ___ foods; and avoid

A

fatty

skipping meals

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43
Q

Teach safety: avoid ___ rooms

A

steam rooms

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44
Q

avoid hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms through-out pregnancy (increases risk for __ __ defects in first trimester)

A

neural tube

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45
Q

Embryo becomes a fetus

A

12Weeks

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46
Q

Heart is discernible by ultrasound

A

12Weeks

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47
Q

Lower body develops

A

12Weeks

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48
Q

Sex is determinable

A

12Weeks

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49
Q

Kidneys produce urine

A

12Weeks

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50
Q

Fetus weighs 19 to 28 g

A

12Weeks

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51
Q

Uterus rises above pelvic brim

A

12Weeks

52
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions are possible

A

12Weeks

53
Q

Placenta is fully functioning and producing hormones

A

12Weeks

54
Q

12Weeks: Teach prevention of

A

UTI

55
Q

12Weeks: Teach prevention of UTI: fluids and voiding

A

3 L fluid

Void every 2 hour when awake

56
Q

12Weeks: Teach prevention of UTI: void before and after

A

sex

57
Q

Head still dominant, but face looks human and arm/leg ratio is proportionate

A

16Weeks

58
Q

Scalp hair appears

A

16Weeks

59
Q

Meconium in bowel, and anus open

A

16Weeks

60
Q

Most bones and joint cavities seen on ultrasound

A

16Weeks

61
Q

muscular movements detected

A

16Weeks

62
Q

Heart muscle well developed, and blood formation active in spleen

A

16Weeks

63
Q

Elastic fibers appear in lungs and terminal; respira- tory bronchioles appear

A

16Weeks

64
Q

Kidneys in position

A

16Weeks

65
Q

Cerebral lobes delineated, and cerebellum assumes some prominence

A

16Weeks

66
Q

General sense organs differentiated

A

16Weeks

67
Q

Testes in position for descent into scrotum or vagina open

A

16Weeks

68
Q

Quickening, the mother’s first perception of fetal movement, may be noted between

A

weeks 16 and 20.

69
Q

the mother’s first perception of fetal movement

A

Quickening

70
Q

Colostrum, the creamy white to yellowish premilk, may be expressed from the nipples as early as

A

16 weeks

71
Q

Approximate weight gain of _ lb per week begin- ning in the second trimester and continuing until delivery

A

1

72
Q

Explain the screening test, and obtain blood sam- ple for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) between

A

15 and 22 weeks of gestation

73
Q

MSAFP: Elevated levels are associated with

A

open neural tube defects and multiple gestations

74
Q

MSAFP: Low levels are associated with

A

Downs

75
Q

MSAFP: Abnormal levels are followed by second-trimester

A

ultrasonography for more in-depth investigation

76
Q

Vernix and Lanugo protects the body

A

20weeks

77
Q

Eyebrows, eyelashes, and head hair develop

A

20weeks

78
Q

Fetus sleeps, sucks, and kicks

A

20weeks

79
Q

Fetus weighs 200 to 400 g (11 to 14 oz).

A

20weeks

80
Q

Fundus reaches level of umbilicus

A

20weeks

81
Q

Breasts begin secreting colostrum; areolae darken

A

20weeks

82
Q

Amniotic sac holds approximately 400 mL of fluid

A

20weeks

83
Q

Postural hypotension may occur.

A

20weeks

84
Q

Varicose veins and leg cramps may develop

A

20weeks

85
Q

Constipation may develop

A

20weeks

86
Q

20weeks: Teach that use of support ___ may be

helpful

A

stockings (varicose veins)

87
Q

Teach to ___ the foot to relieve leg cramps

A

dorsiflex (also elevate the feet)

88
Q

Suggest applying ___ to muscles affected by cramps.

A

heat

89
Q

Body fairly well proportioned; skin red and wrinkled; sweat glands forming

A

24Weeks

90
Q

Blood formation increases in bone marrow and decreases in liver

A

24Weeks

91
Q

at 24 weeks: Blood formation increases in __ __ and decreases in ___

A

bone marrow and decreases in liver

92
Q

Alveolar ducts and sacs present, and lecithin begins

to appear in amniotic fluid

A

24Weeks

93
Q

Neuronal proliferation in cerebral cortex ends

A

24Weeks

94
Q

fetus is able to hear

A

24Weeks

95
Q

Testes at inguinal ring in descent to scrotum

A

24Weeks

96
Q

The diastolic BP begins to steadily rise

A

24Weeks

97
Q

Fetus can breathe, swallow, and regulate temperature

A

28Weeks

98
Q

Surfactant forms in lungs

A

28Weeks

99
Q

fetus’s eyelids open

A

28Weeks

100
Q

Fetus weighs 1100 g (2 lb)

A

28Weeks

101
Q

Fundus is halfway between umbilicus and xiphoid process.

A

28Weeks

102
Q

Maternal changes: Thoracic breathing replaces abdominal breathing

A

28Weeks

103
Q

Hemorrhoids may develop

A

28Weeks

104
Q

treatment of hemorrhoids: __ baths

A

sitz

105
Q

treatment of hemorrhoids: __ __ agents

A

topical anesthetic agents

106
Q

treatment of hemorrhoids: Suggest taking __ ___ as prescribed

A

stool softeners

107
Q

28Weeks: Suggest that woman assume __ __ position when resting.

A

side-lying

108
Q

Encourage woman to avoid __ __ after

meals

A

lying down

109
Q

to avoid heartburn: ___ may be prescribed

A

antacids

110
Q

Teach woman to avoid ___ ____

A

sodium bicarbonate

111
Q

Brown fat deposits develop beneath skin to insulate baby following birth

A

32Weeks

112
Q

Fetus is 15 to 17 inches in length

A

32Weeks

113
Q

Fetus begins storing iron, calcium, and phosphorus

A

32Weeks

114
Q

Fetus weighs 1800 to 2200 g (4 to 5 lb)

A

32Weeks

115
Q

Fundus reaches xiphoid process

A

32Weeks

116
Q

Breasts are full and tender.

A

32Weeks

117
Q

Sleeping problems may develop

A

32Weeks

118
Q

Dyspnea may develop

A

32Weeks

119
Q

to decrease edema: elevate legs one or two times per day for approximately

A

1 hour

120
Q

Fetus occupies entire uterus; activity is restricted.

A

36 to 40 Weeks

121
Q

Maternal antibodies are transferred to fetus (provide immunity for approximately 6 months

A

36 to 40 Weeks

122
Q

Fetus weighs 3200+ g

A

36 to 40 Weeks

123
Q

Backaches increase

A

36 to 40 Weeks

124
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions intensify (cervix and lower uterine segment prepare for labor)

A

36 to 40 Weeks

125
Q

Encourage sleeping on ___ to relieve bladder pressure and urinating frequently

A

side

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