406 2 Flashcards
between ovulation and the beginning of the next cycle there are exactly
14 days
life time of sperm and eggs
sperm is 3 days,
egg 1 day
rhythm method of BC
avoid sex a few days before and after the ovulation day
Menstrual phase: Days
1 to 5 of cycle
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Shedding of the endometrium occurs in the form of
uterine bleeding.
Menstrual phase
Proliferation (follicular) phase: Day
5 to ovulation
Endometrium is restored under primary hormone influence of estrogen.
proliferation (follicular) phase
Preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) converts the follicle to a
corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.
Preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) converts the follicle to a corpus luteum, which produces
progesterone
Secretory (luteal) phase: Ovulation to approximately
3 days before menstrual cycle
Indications of ovulation: temp
A slight drop in temperature occurs 1 day prior to ovulation; a rise of 0.5° to 1° F in temperature occurs at ovulation.
Cervical mucus is abundant, watery, clear, and more alkaline during
ovulation
Indications of ovulation: Cervical os
dilates slightly, softens, and rises in the vagina
egg-white stretchiness of cervical mucus) that is present during ovulation
Spinnbarkeit
Indications of ovulation: ___ is seen under microscope
Ferning
Fertilization takes place in ampulla (outer third) section of the
fallopian tube
The zygote (fertilized ovum) takes __ to _ days to enter the uterus.
3 to 4
It takes __ to __ days to complete the process of nida- tion (implantation).
7 to 10
Zygote exists
12 to 14 days after fertilization
Embryo exists
3 to 8 weeks after fertilization
Embryo most vulnerable to
teratogens
Embryo most vulnerable to teratogens which can cause
major congenital anomalies
Fetus exists from
9 weeks after fertilization to term (38+ weeks)
Pregnancy length: counted from the
first day of last menstrual period (LMP)
Pregnancy divided into three __ week trimesters:
13
Because some women experience __ ___ they don’t know they’re pregnant
implantation bleeding
Heart begins to pump blood.
8Weeks
Limb buds
8Weeks
8Weeks: Facial features are
discernible
8Weeks: Major divisions of brain are
discernible
Ears develop from skin folds.
8Weeks
Weight is 2 g.
8Weeks
Uterus changes from pear to globular shape.
8Weeks
softening of the isthmus of cervix
Hegar sign
softening of cervix
Goodell sign
Goodell sign and Hegar signs occur
8Weeks
Cervix flexes.
8Weeks
Leukorrhea increases.
8Weeks
bluing of vagina
Chadwick sign
Chadwick sign occur
8Weeks
Teach prevention of nausea: Suggest eating dry crackers before
getting out of bed in the morning
Teach prevention of nausea: avoid ___ foods; and avoid
fatty
skipping meals
Teach safety: avoid ___ rooms
steam rooms
avoid hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms through-out pregnancy (increases risk for __ __ defects in first trimester)
neural tube
Embryo becomes a fetus
12Weeks
Heart is discernible by ultrasound
12Weeks
Lower body develops
12Weeks
Sex is determinable
12Weeks
Kidneys produce urine
12Weeks
Fetus weighs 19 to 28 g
12Weeks
Uterus rises above pelvic brim
12Weeks
Braxton Hicks contractions are possible
12Weeks
Placenta is fully functioning and producing hormones
12Weeks
12Weeks: Teach prevention of
UTI
12Weeks: Teach prevention of UTI: fluids and voiding
3 L fluid
Void every 2 hour when awake
12Weeks: Teach prevention of UTI: void before and after
sex
Head still dominant, but face looks human and arm/leg ratio is proportionate
16Weeks
Scalp hair appears
16Weeks
Meconium in bowel, and anus open
16Weeks
Most bones and joint cavities seen on ultrasound
16Weeks
muscular movements detected
16Weeks
Heart muscle well developed, and blood formation active in spleen
16Weeks
Elastic fibers appear in lungs and terminal; respira- tory bronchioles appear
16Weeks
Kidneys in position
16Weeks
Cerebral lobes delineated, and cerebellum assumes some prominence
16Weeks
General sense organs differentiated
16Weeks
Testes in position for descent into scrotum or vagina open
16Weeks
Quickening, the mother’s first perception of fetal movement, may be noted between
weeks 16 and 20.
the mother’s first perception of fetal movement
Quickening
Colostrum, the creamy white to yellowish premilk, may be expressed from the nipples as early as
16 weeks
Approximate weight gain of _ lb per week begin- ning in the second trimester and continuing until delivery
1
Explain the screening test, and obtain blood sam- ple for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) between
15 and 22 weeks of gestation
MSAFP: Elevated levels are associated with
open neural tube defects and multiple gestations
MSAFP: Low levels are associated with
Downs
MSAFP: Abnormal levels are followed by second-trimester
ultrasonography for more in-depth investigation
Vernix and Lanugo protects the body
20weeks
Eyebrows, eyelashes, and head hair develop
20weeks
Fetus sleeps, sucks, and kicks
20weeks
Fetus weighs 200 to 400 g (11 to 14 oz).
20weeks
Fundus reaches level of umbilicus
20weeks
Breasts begin secreting colostrum; areolae darken
20weeks
Amniotic sac holds approximately 400 mL of fluid
20weeks
Postural hypotension may occur.
20weeks
Varicose veins and leg cramps may develop
20weeks
Constipation may develop
20weeks
20weeks: Teach that use of support ___ may be
helpful
stockings (varicose veins)
Teach to ___ the foot to relieve leg cramps
dorsiflex (also elevate the feet)
Suggest applying ___ to muscles affected by cramps.
heat
Body fairly well proportioned; skin red and wrinkled; sweat glands forming
24Weeks
Blood formation increases in bone marrow and decreases in liver
24Weeks
at 24 weeks: Blood formation increases in __ __ and decreases in ___
bone marrow and decreases in liver
Alveolar ducts and sacs present, and lecithin begins
to appear in amniotic fluid
24Weeks
Neuronal proliferation in cerebral cortex ends
24Weeks
fetus is able to hear
24Weeks
Testes at inguinal ring in descent to scrotum
24Weeks
The diastolic BP begins to steadily rise
24Weeks
Fetus can breathe, swallow, and regulate temperature
28Weeks
Surfactant forms in lungs
28Weeks
fetus’s eyelids open
28Weeks
Fetus weighs 1100 g (2 lb)
28Weeks
Fundus is halfway between umbilicus and xiphoid process.
28Weeks
Maternal changes: Thoracic breathing replaces abdominal breathing
28Weeks
Hemorrhoids may develop
28Weeks
treatment of hemorrhoids: __ baths
sitz
treatment of hemorrhoids: __ __ agents
topical anesthetic agents
treatment of hemorrhoids: Suggest taking __ ___ as prescribed
stool softeners
28Weeks: Suggest that woman assume __ __ position when resting.
side-lying
Encourage woman to avoid __ __ after
meals
lying down
to avoid heartburn: ___ may be prescribed
antacids
Teach woman to avoid ___ ____
sodium bicarbonate
Brown fat deposits develop beneath skin to insulate baby following birth
32Weeks
Fetus is 15 to 17 inches in length
32Weeks
Fetus begins storing iron, calcium, and phosphorus
32Weeks
Fetus weighs 1800 to 2200 g (4 to 5 lb)
32Weeks
Fundus reaches xiphoid process
32Weeks
Breasts are full and tender.
32Weeks
Sleeping problems may develop
32Weeks
Dyspnea may develop
32Weeks
to decrease edema: elevate legs one or two times per day for approximately
1 hour
Fetus occupies entire uterus; activity is restricted.
36 to 40 Weeks
Maternal antibodies are transferred to fetus (provide immunity for approximately 6 months
36 to 40 Weeks
Fetus weighs 3200+ g
36 to 40 Weeks
Backaches increase
36 to 40 Weeks
Braxton Hicks contractions intensify (cervix and lower uterine segment prepare for labor)
36 to 40 Weeks
Encourage sleeping on ___ to relieve bladder pressure and urinating frequently
side
