HESI Nervous System Flashcards by Richard smith

PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is according to their connection to the CNS. The 2 choices are

Cranial nerves

spinal nerves

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PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is the direction the transmit. The choices are

efferent and afferent

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PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is specifically for motor neurons. The can target skeletal contraction or involuntary contraction. The choices are

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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the somatic nervous system controls

voluntary (skeletal) stuff

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the autonomic nervous system controls

involuntary stuff

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The autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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the ____ nervous system is involved in preparing for action!

sympathetic

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the _____ nervous system is involved in calming down

parasympathetic

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____ are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

nuclei

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____ are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

ganglia

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Interconnected cavities in the mature brain that originate from the fluid filled vesicles

ventricles

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Large tracts that emerge from certain parts of the brain

peduncles

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The 3 primary brain vesicles in early development are

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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the 2 cerebral hemispheres are connected by

the corpus callosum

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in the cerebrum the folds are collectively called ____, which includes gyrus, sulcus, and fissure

convolutions

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in the cerebrum, an elevated ridge is called a

gyrus

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in the cerebrum, a shallow groove is called a

sulcus

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in the cerebrum, a deep groove is called a

fissure

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What are the 5 lobes of the brain

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula

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The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of ____ matter

gray

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4 major things controlled by the cerebral cortex

speech
evaluate stimuli
motor control
conscious thinking

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Basal ganglia is also called

Basal nuclei

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the diencephalon has 3 regions

thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamas

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a relay station for sensory nerve impulses traveling from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. Certain sensations like pain are evaluated here

thalamus

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contains the pineal gland

epithalamus

controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates emotion hunger thirst etc

hypothalamus

2 hormones produced by the hypothalamus

ADH and oxytocin

3 areas associated with the hypothalamus | MIO

mammillary bodies infundibulum optic chiasma

connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

infundibulum

relay info related to eating, such as chewing and swallowing

mammillary bodies

passes between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (has to do with vision)

optic chiasma

Here, portions of the optic nerve from each eye cross over to the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side

optic chiasma

Like the spinal cord, the brainstem has ____ matter surrounding a core of ____ matter

white | gray

3 of the most important parts of the brainstem | MPM

midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

uppermost part of the brainstem

midbrain

bulging part of the brainstem

pons

The ____ ____ ___ (RAS) maintains wakefulness and filters out unnecessary info

reticular activation system

Another function of the reticular activation system is maintaining

muscle tone

the cerebellum evaluates and coordinates

motor movements

the _____ system adds an emotional aspect to things

limbic

the brain cavities called ventricles are filled with

CSF

a network of capillaries called the ____ ____ projects into each ventricle

choroid plexus

____ cells surround the choroid plexus

ependymal cells

Blood plasma entering the _____ cells from the capillaries is filtered as it passes into the ventricle, forming ___

ependymal cells | CSF

the ependymal cells maintain a ___ ___ ___ controlling the composition of the CSF

blood brain barrier

The CSF returns to the blood through the ____ ___

arachnoid villi

the protective coverings of the brian and spine

meninges

meninges from deep to superficial

pia arachnoid dura

CO2, some amino acids, lipid soluble things have ____ access to the brain. Most ions and proteins have ____ access

free | no

the BBB is maintained because the brain capillaries are less permeable because of ____ ____

tight junctions

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

cranial nerve, eyeball and eyelid movement; lens shape

oculomotor

cranial nerve, eyeball movement (superior oblique)

trochlear

cranial nerve, eye movement (later muscle)

abducens

cranial nerve, movement of facial muscles

facial

cranial nerve, hearing and equilibrium

vestibulocochlear

cranial nerve, sensations from the tongue and throat

glossophayrngeal

cranial nerve, parasympathetic sensation and motor control of smooth muscle, digestive enzymes

Vagus

cranial nerve, head movement, swallowing

accessory

cranial nerve, tongue moving, speech

hypoglossal

At the end of the spinal cord it tapers, this area is called the ____ ____

conus medullaris

the spinal cord is held in position at the end by the ____ ____

filum terminale

nerves that attach to the end of the spinal cord and continue down

cauda equina

There are 4 plexus groups of the spine

cervical brachial lumbar sacral

in the spine a branch of nerves called a ____ root contains motor nerve axons

ventral

in the spine a branch of nerves called a ___ root contain sensory nerve axons

dorsal

Gray matter appears in the center of the spinal cord in the shape of an H. the crossbar of the H is called the ____ _____

gray commissure

in the spinal cord the ___ ___ is a small hole in the center of the crossbar the has CSF

central canal

White columns in the spinal cord are called

funiculi

how many pairs of spinal nerves

an area of the skin that gets sensory stimuli that pass through a single spinal nerve is called a

dermatome

In a monosynaptic reflex, the reflex usually doesn't go to the

brain

The somatic nervous system involves skeletal muscles. In contrast the ____ ___ ___ involves smooth muscles, cardiac, glands

autonomic nervous system

The ANS is divided into

sympathetic and parasympathetic

in the sns a single motor neuron connects the cns to its target skeletal muscle. In the ans the connection consists of 2 neurons- the _______ neuron and the _____ neuron

preganglionic | postganglionic

the sympathetic ___ contains sympathetic ganglia called paravertebral ganglia. There is one on either side of the spinal cord

Trunk

Each ____ consists of ganglia connected like a string of beads

trunk