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aa Orgo > HESI Nervous System > Flashcards

HESI Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is according to their connection to the CNS. The 2 choices are

A

Cranial nerves

spinal nerves

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2
Q

PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is the direction the transmit. The choices are

A

efferent and afferent

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3
Q

PNS nerves are classified in 3 ways. One is specifically for motor neurons. The can target skeletal contraction or involuntary contraction. The choices are

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

the somatic nervous system controls

A

voluntary (skeletal) stuff

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5
Q

the autonomic nervous system controls

A

involuntary stuff

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6
Q

The autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

the ____ nervous system is involved in preparing for action!

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

the _____ nervous system is involved in calming down

A

parasympathetic

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9
Q

____ are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

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10
Q

____ are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

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11
Q

Interconnected cavities in the mature brain that originate from the fluid filled vesicles

A

ventricles

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12
Q

Large tracts that emerge from certain parts of the brain

A

peduncles

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13
Q

The 3 primary brain vesicles in early development are

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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14
Q

the 2 cerebral hemispheres are connected by

A

the corpus callosum

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15
Q

in the cerebrum the folds are collectively called ____, which includes gyrus, sulcus, and fissure

A

convolutions

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16
Q

in the cerebrum, an elevated ridge is called a

A

gyrus

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17
Q

in the cerebrum, a shallow groove is called a

A

sulcus

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18
Q

in the cerebrum, a deep groove is called a

A

fissure

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19
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain

A 
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula
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20
Q

The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of ____ matter

A

gray

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21
Q

4 major things controlled by the cerebral cortex

A

speech
evaluate stimuli
motor control
conscious thinking

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22
Q

Basal ganglia is also called

A

Basal nuclei

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23
Q

the diencephalon has 3 regions

A

thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamas

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24
Q

a relay station for sensory nerve impulses traveling from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. Certain sensations like pain are evaluated here

A

thalamus

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25
Q

contains the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

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26
Q

controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates emotion hunger thirst etc

A

hypothalamus

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27
Q

2 hormones produced by the hypothalamus

A

ADH and oxytocin

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28
Q

3 areas associated with the hypothalamus

MIO

A

mammillary bodies
infundibulum
optic chiasma

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29
Q

connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

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30
Q

relay info related to eating, such as chewing and swallowing

A

mammillary bodies

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31
Q

passes between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (has to do with vision)

A

optic chiasma

32
Q

Here, portions of the optic nerve from each eye cross over to the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side

A

optic chiasma

33
Q

Like the spinal cord, the brainstem has ____ matter surrounding a core of ____ matter

A

white

gray

34
Q

3 of the most important parts of the brainstem

MPM

A

midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

35
Q

uppermost part of the brainstem

36
Q

bulging part of the brainstem

37
Q

The ____ ____ ___ (RAS) maintains wakefulness and filters out unnecessary info

A

reticular activation system

38
Q

Another function of the reticular activation system is maintaining

A

muscle tone

39
Q

the cerebellum evaluates and coordinates

A

motor movements

40
Q

the _____ system adds an emotional aspect to things

41
Q

the brain cavities called ventricles are filled with

42
Q

a network of capillaries called the ____ ____ projects into each ventricle

A

choroid plexus

43
Q

____ cells surround the choroid plexus

A

ependymal cells

44
Q

Blood plasma entering the _____ cells from the capillaries is filtered as it passes into the ventricle, forming ___

A

ependymal cells

CSF

45
Q

the ependymal cells maintain a ___ ___ ___ controlling the composition of the CSF

A

blood brain barrier

46
Q

The CSF returns to the blood through the ____ ___

A

arachnoid villi

47
Q

the protective coverings of the brian and spine

48
Q

meninges from deep to superficial

A

pia
arachnoid
dura

49
Q

CO2, some amino acids, lipid soluble things have ____ access to the brain. Most ions and proteins have ____ access

50
Q

the BBB is maintained because the brain capillaries are less permeable because of ____ ____

A

tight junctions

51
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

52
Q

cranial nerve, eyeball and eyelid movement; lens shape

A

oculomotor

53
Q

cranial nerve, eyeball movement (superior oblique)

54
Q

cranial nerve, eye movement (later muscle)

55
Q

cranial nerve, movement of facial muscles

56
Q

cranial nerve, hearing and equilibrium

A

vestibulocochlear

57
Q

cranial nerve, sensations from the tongue and throat

A

glossophayrngeal

58
Q

cranial nerve, parasympathetic sensation and motor control of smooth muscle, digestive enzymes

59
Q

cranial nerve, head movement, swallowing

60
Q

cranial nerve, tongue moving, speech

A

hypoglossal

61
Q

At the end of the spinal cord it tapers, this area is called the ____ ____

A

conus medullaris

62
Q

the spinal cord is held in position at the end by the ____ ____

A

filum terminale

63
Q

nerves that attach to the end of the spinal cord and continue down

A

cauda equina

64
Q

There are 4 plexus groups of the spine

A

cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral

65
Q

in the spine a branch of nerves called a ____ root contains motor nerve axons

66
Q

in the spine a branch of nerves called a ___ root contain sensory nerve axons

67
Q

Gray matter appears in the center of the spinal cord in the shape of an H. the crossbar of the H is called the ____ _____

A

gray commissure

68
Q

in the spinal cord the ___ ___ is a small hole in the center of the crossbar the has CSF

A

central canal

69
Q

White columns in the spinal cord are called

70
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

71
Q

an area of the skin that gets sensory stimuli that pass through a single spinal nerve is called a

72
Q

In a monosynaptic reflex, the reflex usually doesn’t go to the

73
Q

The somatic nervous system involves skeletal muscles. In contrast the ____ ___ ___ involves smooth muscles, cardiac, glands

A

autonomic nervous system

74
Q

The ANS is divided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

75
Q

in the sns a single motor neuron connects the cns to its target skeletal muscle. In the ans the connection consists of 2 neurons- the _______ neuron and the _____ neuron

A

preganglionic

postganglionic

76
Q

the sympathetic ___ contains sympathetic ganglia called paravertebral ganglia. There is one on either side of the spinal cord

77
Q

Each ____ consists of ganglia connected like a string of beads

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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