409 Final 12 CA Flashcards
Ductual carcinoma in situ means
non invasive Breast CA. It doesn’t mets at this stage
Lobular carcinoma in situ is
also a non invasive breast CA
breast CA: infiltrating ductal carcinoma is
invasive; it goes from the mammary ducts into the epithelial cells
breast CA: infiltrating ductal carcinoma: It grows
irregularly, a poorly defined mass
breast CA: Fibrosis occurs around the tumor, which causes
dimpling
The number 1 factor in breast CA is
age
Other breast CA factors include
nulliparity
and
first pregnancy after 30
breast CA: Options for high risk women; in addition to masectomy there is
ovary removal
Whats the point of studying lymph nodes
detect mets
dx: changes in calcium levels could mean
mets to bone
Before removing JP drain, give
pain meds
breast CA: after surgery exercise should be
light, nothing that stresses the incision site
reconstructed breast: MRI and mammography
aren’t recommended because if there’s a recurrence you can just palpate it
breast CA: rad therapy:
body fluids and items touched by the patient are not radioactive but you should still limi visitors
breast CA: hormone therapy: some decrease
all estrogen, so it can cause menopause.
breast CA: SERMs
are good because they’re specific in what they target
breast CA: recovering at home: dressings
you can change them if soiled
breast CA: recovering at home: a little bit of leaking around the drains
is ok
breast CA: recovering at home: empty the drain ___ a day
twice
breast CA: recovering at home: you can shower
after the drain is removed
breast CA: recovering at home: you can do more strenuous exercise
after the drain is removed
breast CA: recovering at home: usually you won’t need pain meds after
4 to 5 days
breast CA: recovering at home: numbness and tingling in the area
is normal
breast CA: recovering at home: if you had a lymph node dissection
elevate that arm on a pillow for 30 min per day
Colon CA: when you turn 40
you want to start taking to your provider about colon CA, but if you’re only at average risk, you only need the average screening which starts at 50
Colon CA: The average screen includes colonoscopy
every 10 years starting at 50
Colon CA: The average screen includes FOBT and
sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Colon CA: The average screen includes double barium enema
every 5 years
Colon CA: H and H values
may be decreased if there’s bleeding
Colon CA: before an FOBT don’t have red meat, __ or ___
vit C or NSAIDs
Colon CA: the first choice tx is
surgery
Colon CA: patients who have minimally invasive surgery will not need
an NGT
Colon CA: empty colostomy bag
when it’s around 1/3 or 1/2 full
Lung CA: tends to have a poor prognosis and a lot of times its just about
palliative care
Lung CA: the main categories are
small cell and non small cell
Lung CA: non small cell includes squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell. They’re grouped together because
they have similar tx
Lung CA: can be complicated by paraneoplastic syndromes, which are ___ issues
hormonal
Lung CA: Warning signs can be anything that indicates hypoxia, like
finger clubbing
Lung CA: secondary screening: a good method for at risk people is
annual CT scan
Lung CA: hemoptysis is a __ finding
later
Lung CA: sputum: you may or may not have cancer cells present. the best chance to find them is
checking in the morning
Lung CA: lesions are most commonly identified on a ___, then confirmed with
x ray, then CT scan
Lung CA: cure is unlikely at stage
3 and 4
Lung CA: usually the first choice tx is
chemo
Lung CA: oral care is important, don’t
use floss
chest tube: the water seal chamber will have bubbling when
the patient exhales
chest tube: if the bubbling stops it could mean
air from the pleural space has been removed (a good thing) or it could mean the tube is kinked
chest tube: too much bubbling could mean
air leak
chest tube: if tidaling stops
it could mean the lung re expanded, or could be the tube is kinked
chest tube: notify provider if collections are more than
100 ml per hour
