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aa Orgo > Med surg test 2 part 6 > Flashcards

Med surg test 2 part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Immobilization secures the injured extremity in order to:

A

Prevent further injury.
Promote healing/circulation.
Reduce pain.
Correct a deformity.

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2
Q

__ __ is when a pulling force (traction) is applied manually to realign the displaced fractured
bone fragments

A

Closed reduction

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3
Q

Once the fracture is reduced, immobilization is used to allow the

A

bone to heal

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4
Q

__ __ is when a surgical incision is made and the bone is manually aligned and kept in place
with plates and screws

A

open reduction

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5
Q

Open reduction is when a surgical incision is made and the bone is manually aligned and kept in place
with plates and screws. This is known as an

A

open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) procedure.

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6
Q

Traction: Check the temperature of the affected extremity. The extremity should be

A

warm, not cool, to touch.

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7
Q

Traction: Cool skin may indicate decreased

A

arterial perfusion

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8
Q

Nail beds that are cyanotic may indicate

A

venous congestion

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9
Q

Casts are more effective than splints or immobilizers because they cannot be

A

removed by the client.

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10
Q

type of cast that is heavy, not water resistant, and can take 24 to 72 hr to dry

A

Plaster of Paris

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11
Q

___ __ casts are light, stronger, water resistant, and dry very quickly (in 30 min).

A

Synthetic fiberglass

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12
Q

If the swelling continues after cast application and causes unrelieved pain, the cast can be

A

split on one side (univalve) or on both sides (bivalved).

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13
Q

___ is used over any rough area of the cast that may rub against the client’s skin

A

Moleskin

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14
Q

Prior to casting, the area is cleaned and dried. ___ ___ __ roll is placed over the
affected area to maintain skin integrity

A

Tubular cotton web

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15
Q 
After cast application, position the client so that warm, dry air circulates around and under
the cast (support the casted area without \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
A

pressure under or directly on the cast

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16
Q

Elevate the cast above the level of the heart during the first 24 to 48 hr to prevent

A

edema

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17
Q

If any drainage is seen on the cast, it should be

A

outlined, dated, and timed, so it can be

monitored for any additional drainage

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18
Q

Cast education: Clients are instructed not to place

A

any foreign objects under the cast to avoid trauma to the skin

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19
Q

___ ___ over the cast can be used to avoid soiling from urine or feces

A

Plastic coverings

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20
Q

Traction uses a pulling force to promote and maintain

A

alignment of the injured area

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21
Q

Goals of traction include: Prevent __ __ injury

A

soft tissue

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22
Q

Goals of traction include: ___ of bone fragments

A

Realignment

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23
Q

Goals of traction include: Decrease

A

muscle spasms and pain

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24
Q

Goals of traction include: Correct or prevent further

A

deformities

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25
Q

Traction prescriptions should include: amount of

A

weight

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26
Q

Traction prescriptions should include: whether

traction can be

A

removed for nursing care

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27
Q

Classification of Traction: Straight or running: The countertraction is provided by

A

the client’s body

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28
Q

Classification of Traction: The countertraction is provided by the client’s body by applying a
pulling force in a

A

straight line

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29
Q

Classification of Traction: Movement of the client’s body can alter the traction provided.

A

Straight or running

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30
Q

Classification of Traction: Balanced suspension: The countertraction is produced by

A

devices such as slings or splints

31
Q

Classification of Traction: Balanced suspension: The client’s body can be moved without

A

altering the traction.

32
Q

traction used preoperatively for hip fractures for

immobilization in adult clients

A

Bucks

33
Q

Traction: Ensure that weights hang

A

freely and are not resting on the floor.

34
Q

If the weights are accidentally displaced,

A

replace the weights. If the problem is not corrected,

notify the provider

35
Q

Move the client in halo traction as a unit, without

A

applying pressure to the rods

36
Q

to treat muscle spasms, use

A

heat/massage

37
Q

Loosening of pins could indicate

A

infection

38
Q

Crusting at the pin site

A

should not be removed as this provides a natural barrier to bacteria.

39
Q

____ antibiotics prevent infection when fracture immobilization is achieved

A

Prophylactic

40
Q

Splints are ___ and allow for monitoring of skin swelling or integrity

A

removable

41
Q

Splints can be used to support fractured/injured areas until

A

casting occurs and swelling is

decreased

42
Q

involves fracture immobilization using percutaneous pins and wires that are
attached to a rigid external frame

A

External fixation

43
Q

Used to treat: Comminuted fracture

A

External Fixation

44
Q

Used to treat: nonunion fractures with extensive soft tissue damage

A

External Fixation

45
Q

Used to treat: Leg length discrepancies from congenital defects

A

External Fixation

46
Q

Used to treat: Bone loss related to tumors or osteomyelitis

A

External Fixation

47
Q

External Fixation advantages include: Minimal blood loss occurring in comparison with

A

internal fixation

48
Q

External Fixation advantages include: Allowing for early

A

mobilization

49
Q

External Fixation advantages include: Permitting

A

wound care with open fractures

50
Q

Nursing Actions for external fixation

A

Provide antiembolism stockings and sequential compression device to prevent DVT

51
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: ensure that heels are

A

off the bed at all times

52
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: Position for comfort and with __ on the surgical site

A

ice

53
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: Have the client get out of bed from the ____ side

A

unaffected

54
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: ensure increased intake of __ and __

A

calories and calcium

55
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: meals should be

A

small, frequent meals with snacks

56
Q

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) nursing actions: what do you monitor pertaining to the GI system

A

constipation

57
Q

Compartment syndrome described in one sentence

A

pressure that disrupts circulation

58
Q

Compartment syndrome (ACS) is assessed by using

A

the five P’s

59
Q

Compartment syndrome: Increased pain unrelieved with

A

elevation or by pain medication

60
Q

Compartment syndrome: Intense pain when ___ moved

A

passively

61
Q

____ is a late sign of compartment syndrome

A

Pulselessness

62
Q

Compartment syndrome: Palpated muscles are ___ and swollen from edema.

A

hard

63
Q

Fat embolism: most common fractures are

A

hip and pelvis

64
Q

in addition to hip and pelvis fracture, fat embolism can occur with long bone fractures or with

A

total joint arthroplasty

65
Q

difference between PE and fat embolism

A

FE has petechiae

66
Q

prevention of fat embolism is

A

immobilize the area so that the fat doesn’t get out of the bone

67
Q

fat embolism Tx

A

O2
corticosteroids (for edema)
fluid replacement
pain/anxiety meds

68
Q

Osteomyelitis: Bone pain that is constant, pulsating, localized, and worse with

A

movement

69
Q

Who might not have a fever despite having osteomyelitis

A

older adults

70
Q

A fracture that has not healed within 6 months of injury is considered to be experiencing
___ ___

A

“delayed union.”

71
Q

Electrical bone stimulation and bone grafting can be used to treat

A

nonunion (which is when the bones havent healed in 6 months)

72
Q

which of the 6 p’s is an early sign of compartment syndrome

A

Paresthesia

73
Q

Buck’s traction is a temporary immobilization device applied to diminish muscle spasms and

A

immobilize the affected extremity until surgery is performed

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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