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aa Orgo > HESI Immune System > Flashcards

HESI Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial proteins (such as ____, which breaks down the cell walls of bacteria) are contained in saliva, tears, etc

A

lysozyme

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2
Q

Cilia the respiratory tract, stomach acid, and symbiotic bacteria are all ____ ____

A

nonspecific barriers

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3
Q

another word for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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4
Q

____ are white blood cells that engulf pathogens

A

phagocytes

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5
Q

Monocytes enlarge into large phagocytic cells called

A

macrophages

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6
Q

____ ____ cells are lymphocytes (WBC that mature in lymphoid tissue), they kill infected or messed up cells

A

Natural Killer Cells

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7
Q

____ proteins help with defense. They attract phagos and help kill bad cells

A

complement proteins

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8
Q

substances secreted by cells invaded by viruses that stimulate neighboring cells to produce proteins that help them defend.

A

Interferons (IFNs)

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9
Q

a series of nonspecific events that occur in response to pathogens

A

inflammatory response

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10
Q

As part of the inflammatory response, vasodilation is caused by ____ and other chemicals

A

histamine

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11
Q

Histamine is released by

A

basophils

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12
Q

The function of major histocompatibility complex is

A

identification (distinguishing self from non self)

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13
Q

MHC-1 are produced by “something” while MHC-2 are produced only by “something else”

A

1 all body cells

2 is only on antigen-presenting cells (mostly macrophages and B cells)

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14
Q

Daughter of B cells that release antibodies in response to the immediate antigen invasion

A

Plasma cells

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15
Q

Daughter of B cells that circulate the body and respond quickly to eliminate later invasions

A

memory cells

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16
Q

Lymphocytes that bind to self cells that display foreign antigens

A

T cells

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17
Q

Kind of T cell, activated when they recognize antigens that are mixed with the MHC-1 of self cells. Following activation they proliferate and destroy the messed up cells

A

Cytotoxic t cells

18
Q

Cytotoxic t cells destroy cells by causing them to

A

lyse

19
Q

Kind of T cell, activated when they recognize antigens that are mixed with the MHC-2 proteins of self cells. Proliferation produces them to intensify antibody production of B cells.

A

Helper T cells

20
Q

Helper T cells also secrete hormones called ____

A

cytokines

21
Q

cytokines stimulate proliferation of ____ cells and ____ cells

A

T and B

22
Q

kind of t cell, involved in winding down a successful immune response and in preventing the attachment of uninfected self cells

A

suppressor t cell

23
Q

kind of t cells, long-lived cell

A

memory t cell

24
Q

proteins that bind to specific antigens

A

antibodies

25
Q

Basic structure of an antibody is a ____-shaped protein with variable region

A

Y shaped

26
Q

Antibodies bind to antigens, thus forming an antigen-antibody complex. The complex attracts ____ which phagocytize the substance with that specific antigen-antibody complex.

A

macrophages

27
Q

The formation of antigen-antibody complexes may also cause ____ (clumping) of antigens or foreign cells

A

agglutination

28
Q

in some immune responses a B or T cell becomes activated when an antigen binds to it. In most immune responses however activation requires the presence of a ____

A

costimulator

29
Q

____ released by helper T cells can act as costimulators

A

cytokines

30
Q

APC stands for

A

antigen presenting cell

31
Q

____ ____ cells and ____s can also act as costimulators by temporarily binding to T or B cells

A

helper T cells and APCs

32
Q

The ____ response (or antibody mediated response) involves B cells that recognize antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood

A

humoral response

33
Q

humoral response, first step, antigens bind to ____ cells

A

B cells

34
Q

humoral response, 2nd step, ____ ____ cells costimulate B cells

A

helper T cells

35
Q

The ____ ____ response involves mostly T cells

A

cell-mediated response

36
Q

the cell-mediated response, cells displaying foreign antigens binds to ____ cells

A

t cells

37
Q

____ ____ is obtained by transferring antibodies from an individual who previously had a disease to a newly infected individual. Babies are protected by this method when great feeding

A

passive immunity

38
Q

The 5 classes of antibodies

A 
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
39
Q

The 3 classes of antibodies circulating the blood are mostly

A

IgA
IgG
IgM

40
Q

The 2 classes found on the plasma membrane of B cells are

A

IgD

IgM

41
Q

The 1 class that attaches to basophils and mast cells, causing them to secrete histamine

A

IgE

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