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aa Orgo > Med surg test 2 part 5 > Flashcards

Med surg test 2 part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

FVD, position

A

supine, legs elevated

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2
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Skin intact, blood in tissue

A

Contusion

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3
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Acceleration

deceleration

A

Strain

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4
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Stretch or tear of lig “pop”

A

sprain

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5
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Swelling, bruising, pain, decreased rom

A

Contusion

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6
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Whiplash-pain, muscle spasm, limited rom, swelling

A

Strain

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7
Q

What type of injury does this describe, Decreased rom, swelling, pain, discoloration

A

sprain

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8
Q

RICE

A 
Trauma care:
Rest
Immobilize 
Compression (decrease edema and pain with ice)
Elevate
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9
Q

For trauma tx, elevate __ degrees

A

20 or 30

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10
Q

Which side does the cane go on?

A

stronger side

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11
Q

If the fracture is ___ the skin is intact over the site of injury.

A

closed

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12
Q

Closed aka ___ fractures the bone is broken but the skin is not.

A

simple

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13
Q

Open or compound fractures the skin may be pierced by the bone or broken by

A

the blow that caused the fracture

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14
Q

In a ___ fractures, the fracture is at right angle to the long axis of the bone.

A

transverse

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15
Q

A Greenstick fracture is a fracture

A

on one side of the bone causing a bend on the other side

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16
Q

Comminuted fractures have

A

three or more bone fragments that maybe splintered or crushed.

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17
Q

__ fractures occur at approximately a 45 degrees angle across the long axis of the bone.

A

Oblique

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18
Q

Oblique fractures

A

occur at approximately a 45 degrees angle across the long axis of the bone.

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19
Q

A ___ fracture is a fracture on one side of the bone causing a bend on the other side.

A

Greenstick

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20
Q

___ fractures have three or more bone fragments that maybe splintered or crushed.

A

Comminuted

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21
Q

___ fractures result from a twisting force and forms a spiral encircling the bone.

A

Spiral

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22
Q

Spiral fractures result from a

A

twisting force and forms a spiral encircling the bone.

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23
Q

What is the best indicator of overall vitamin D status?

A

The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level

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24
Q

something that can cause very low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is, use of ____ medications

A

antiseizure medications (e.g., phenobarbital or phenytoin)

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25
Q

something that can cause very low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is, long-term use of

A

glucocorticoids

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26
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

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27
Q

Bone healing stage 1

A

Hematoma or Inflammatory stage

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28
Q

Bone healing stage 2

A

Fibrocartilage

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29
Q

Bone healing stage 3

A

Callus

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30
Q

Bone healing stage 4

A

Ossification

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31
Q

Bone healing stage 5

A

Consolidation and remodeling

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32
Q

Most important stage in bone healing

A

Callus

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33
Q

WHEN is the most important stage in bone healing

A

2 – 6 weeks

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34
Q

__ aka bone setting is done by manipulating fracture to restore alignment

A

Reduction

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35
Q

Reduction alleviates

A

compression or stretching of nerves and blood vessels

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36
Q

In ___ reduction, an incision is made and bone is aligned under direct visualization of fractured area

A

open

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37
Q

Open reduction is the treatment of choice for compound fractures that are ___ and/or that have severe neurovascular injury

A

comminuted

neurovascular

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38
Q

Casts are used for promotion of healing by

A

allowing early weight bearing for ambulation

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39
Q

in an arm or leg cylinder cast, the hand

A

is free to rotate around

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40
Q

Assessment of the Cast, hot spot may indicate

A

tissue necrosis or infection under cast

41
Q

Assessment of the Cast, wet spot may indicate

A

drainage under the cast or a need for additional drying

42
Q

Assessment of the Cast, stains may indicate

A

wound drainage or bleeding and should be measured and documented

43
Q

Assessment of the Cast, Be aware of pressure points that may lead to ___ complications

A

circulatory

44
Q

Assessment of the Cast, for the first 1 or 2 days the extremity needs to be

A

elevated

45
Q

Cast: Support foot with ankle in __ degree flexion to prevent foot drop in a cylinder casted leg.

A

90

46
Q

Cast Syndrome, ___ feeling

A

bloated

47
Q

Cast Syndrome, prolonged ___ and repeated ___

A

nausea

vomiting

48
Q

Cast Syndrome, abdominal ____, vague abdominal pain

A

distention

49
Q

Cast Syndrome, respiratory finding

A

Shortness of breath

50
Q

Cast Syndrome, only occurs with one type of cast

A

body spica

51
Q

The fatal complication of cast syndrome is

A

bowel obstruction

52
Q

Internal fixation provides essential immobilization and helps prevent __

A

deformities

53
Q

The application of a pulling force to an injured body part or extremity while a countertraction pulls in the opposite direction

A

traction

54
Q

Traction purpose

A

Reduce, align and promote healing of fractured bone

55
Q

Traction can be used to decrease __ __ that may accompany fracture or surgical reduction.

A

muscle spasms

56
Q

Traction can be used to prevent ___ ___ __

A

soft tissue damage

57
Q

Traction can prevent or treat ___

A

deformities

58
Q

Traction allows an inflamed, diseased or painful joint to be ___

A

rested

59
Q

Traction can reduce and treat dislocations and ___

A

subluxations

60
Q

traction can prevent the development of c____

A

contractures

61
Q

traction can reduce muscle spasms associated with low back pain or cervical ___

A

whiplash

62
Q

traction can be used to expand a joint space during arthroscopy or before ___ __ __

A

major joint replacement

63
Q

___ ___ is a skin traction used for severe sprains or strains in cervical trauma

A

Chin Halter

64
Q

___ traction applied to the skin and used for hip and knee contractures, preop immobilization or muscle spasms from hip fractures.

A

Buck’s

65
Q

___ ___ is used for femur fractures, hip and knee contractures or post op positioning and immobilization.

A

Balanced suspension

66
Q

Is Balanced suspension skin or skeletal?

A

skeletal

67
Q

Prevention of hip fracture in the elderly: Assure adequate intake of ___ and ___

A

calcium and vitamin D

68
Q

Complications of Fractures: s___

A

shock

69
Q

Complications of Fractures: __ ____ syndrome

A

Fat embolism syndrome

70
Q

Complications of Fractures: .._.

A

VTE

71
Q

Complications of Fractures: i___

A

Infection

72
Q

Complications of Fractures: i___ n__

A

ischemic necrosis

73
Q

Complications of Fractures: inadequate ___

A

nutrition

74
Q

Neurovascular checks should be performed every ___ minutes for the first four hours after the cast is applied

A

30

75
Q

Cast assessment, Color should be the same in the unaffected extremity. But

A

Some paleness may be normal.

76
Q

Cast assessment, temperature should be

A

the same in each extremity

77
Q

Cast assessment, no ___ should be present

A

edema

78
Q

Cast assessment, some pain is normal but uncontrolled pain may signal ___ syndrome and should be reported immediately

A

compartment

79
Q

the 3 most important complications of casts

A

compartment syndrome

cast syndrome

infection

80
Q

Compartment syndrome: pulses

A

Diminished or absent

81
Q

Compartment syndrome: cap refill

A

slowed

82
Q

Compartment syndrome: skin findings

A

Skin pallor, blanching, cyanosis or coolness

83
Q

Compartment syndrome: the 6 __

A

P’s !!!!!!!!!!!!

84
Q

Fat emboli manifestations: n____ dysfunction

A

neurological dysfunction

85
Q

Fat emboli manifestations: p___ compromise

A

pulmonary

86
Q

Fat emboli manifestations: ___ rash on chest and axilla

A

peticheal

87
Q

Compartment Syndrome is a condition of compromised ___ due to pressure that is progressively increased in a confined space.

A

circulation

88
Q

Anything that reduces the compartment size can lead to ___ syndrome

A

compartment syndrome

89
Q

Sudden unexplained ___ and ___ pain are the clinical manifestations of PE

A

dyspnea and chest pain = PE

90
Q

Complications of amputations: i____

A

infection

91
Q

Complications of amputations: Decreased

A

perfusion

92
Q

Complications of amputations: Delayed

A

healing

93
Q

Complications of amputations: has to do with contracture

A

Joint contracture above the amputation

94
Q

Complications of amputations: hip contracture can be caused by

A

prolonged sitting

95
Q

How do you position the stump after surgery

A

elevated

96
Q

Osteoporosis Tx: __ __ exercise

A

weight bearing exercise

97
Q

Osteoporosis Tx: 3 supplements

A

calcium vit d, bisphosphonates, vit c

98
Q

Primary Problems in Metabolic Bone Disease: Nis

A

Nutritional status
Injury
Strength

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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