Med surg test 2 part 5 Flashcards
FVD, position
supine, legs elevated
What type of injury does this describe, Skin intact, blood in tissue
Contusion
What type of injury does this describe, Acceleration
deceleration
Strain
What type of injury does this describe, Stretch or tear of lig “pop”
sprain
What type of injury does this describe, Swelling, bruising, pain, decreased rom
Contusion
What type of injury does this describe, Whiplash-pain, muscle spasm, limited rom, swelling
Strain
What type of injury does this describe, Decreased rom, swelling, pain, discoloration
sprain
RICE
Trauma care: Rest Immobilize Compression (decrease edema and pain with ice) Elevate
For trauma tx, elevate __ degrees
20 or 30
Which side does the cane go on?
stronger side
If the fracture is ___ the skin is intact over the site of injury.
closed
Closed aka ___ fractures the bone is broken but the skin is not.
simple
Open or compound fractures the skin may be pierced by the bone or broken by
the blow that caused the fracture
In a ___ fractures, the fracture is at right angle to the long axis of the bone.
transverse
A Greenstick fracture is a fracture
on one side of the bone causing a bend on the other side
Comminuted fractures have
three or more bone fragments that maybe splintered or crushed.
__ fractures occur at approximately a 45 degrees angle across the long axis of the bone.
Oblique
Oblique fractures
occur at approximately a 45 degrees angle across the long axis of the bone.
A ___ fracture is a fracture on one side of the bone causing a bend on the other side.
Greenstick
___ fractures have three or more bone fragments that maybe splintered or crushed.
Comminuted
___ fractures result from a twisting force and forms a spiral encircling the bone.
Spiral
Spiral fractures result from a
twisting force and forms a spiral encircling the bone.
What is the best indicator of overall vitamin D status?
The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level
something that can cause very low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is, use of ____ medications
antiseizure medications (e.g., phenobarbital or phenytoin)
something that can cause very low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is, long-term use of
glucocorticoids
subluxation
partial dislocation
Bone healing stage 1
Hematoma or Inflammatory stage
Bone healing stage 2
Fibrocartilage
Bone healing stage 3
Callus
Bone healing stage 4
Ossification
Bone healing stage 5
Consolidation and remodeling
Most important stage in bone healing
Callus
WHEN is the most important stage in bone healing
2 – 6 weeks
__ aka bone setting is done by manipulating fracture to restore alignment
Reduction
Reduction alleviates
compression or stretching of nerves and blood vessels
In ___ reduction, an incision is made and bone is aligned under direct visualization of fractured area
open
Open reduction is the treatment of choice for compound fractures that are ___ and/or that have severe neurovascular injury
comminuted
neurovascular
Casts are used for promotion of healing by
allowing early weight bearing for ambulation
in an arm or leg cylinder cast, the hand
is free to rotate around
Assessment of the Cast, hot spot may indicate
tissue necrosis or infection under cast
Assessment of the Cast, wet spot may indicate
drainage under the cast or a need for additional drying
Assessment of the Cast, stains may indicate
wound drainage or bleeding and should be measured and documented
Assessment of the Cast, Be aware of pressure points that may lead to ___ complications
circulatory
Assessment of the Cast, for the first 1 or 2 days the extremity needs to be
elevated
Cast: Support foot with ankle in __ degree flexion to prevent foot drop in a cylinder casted leg.
90
Cast Syndrome, ___ feeling
bloated
Cast Syndrome, prolonged ___ and repeated ___
nausea
vomiting
Cast Syndrome, abdominal ____, vague abdominal pain
distention
Cast Syndrome, respiratory finding
Shortness of breath
Cast Syndrome, only occurs with one type of cast
body spica
The fatal complication of cast syndrome is
bowel obstruction
Internal fixation provides essential immobilization and helps prevent __
deformities
The application of a pulling force to an injured body part or extremity while a countertraction pulls in the opposite direction
traction
Traction purpose
Reduce, align and promote healing of fractured bone
Traction can be used to decrease __ __ that may accompany fracture or surgical reduction.
muscle spasms
Traction can be used to prevent ___ ___ __
soft tissue damage
Traction can prevent or treat ___
deformities
Traction allows an inflamed, diseased or painful joint to be ___
rested
Traction can reduce and treat dislocations and ___
subluxations
traction can prevent the development of c____
contractures
traction can reduce muscle spasms associated with low back pain or cervical ___
whiplash
traction can be used to expand a joint space during arthroscopy or before ___ __ __
major joint replacement
___ ___ is a skin traction used for severe sprains or strains in cervical trauma
Chin Halter
___ traction applied to the skin and used for hip and knee contractures, preop immobilization or muscle spasms from hip fractures.
Buck’s
___ ___ is used for femur fractures, hip and knee contractures or post op positioning and immobilization.
Balanced suspension
Is Balanced suspension skin or skeletal?
skeletal
Prevention of hip fracture in the elderly: Assure adequate intake of ___ and ___
calcium and vitamin D
Complications of Fractures: s___
shock
Complications of Fractures: __ ____ syndrome
Fat embolism syndrome
Complications of Fractures: .._.
VTE
Complications of Fractures: i___
Infection
Complications of Fractures: i___ n__
ischemic necrosis
Complications of Fractures: inadequate ___
nutrition
Neurovascular checks should be performed every ___ minutes for the first four hours after the cast is applied
30
Cast assessment, Color should be the same in the unaffected extremity. But
Some paleness may be normal.
Cast assessment, temperature should be
the same in each extremity
Cast assessment, no ___ should be present
edema
Cast assessment, some pain is normal but uncontrolled pain may signal ___ syndrome and should be reported immediately
compartment
the 3 most important complications of casts
compartment syndrome
cast syndrome
infection
Compartment syndrome: pulses
Diminished or absent
Compartment syndrome: cap refill
slowed
Compartment syndrome: skin findings
Skin pallor, blanching, cyanosis or coolness
Compartment syndrome: the 6 __
P’s !!!!!!!!!!!!
Fat emboli manifestations: n____ dysfunction
neurological dysfunction
Fat emboli manifestations: p___ compromise
pulmonary
Fat emboli manifestations: ___ rash on chest and axilla
peticheal
Compartment Syndrome is a condition of compromised ___ due to pressure that is progressively increased in a confined space.
circulation
Anything that reduces the compartment size can lead to ___ syndrome
compartment syndrome
Sudden unexplained ___ and ___ pain are the clinical manifestations of PE
dyspnea and chest pain = PE
Complications of amputations: i____
infection
Complications of amputations: Decreased
perfusion
Complications of amputations: Delayed
healing
Complications of amputations: has to do with contracture
Joint contracture above the amputation
Complications of amputations: hip contracture can be caused by
prolonged sitting
How do you position the stump after surgery
elevated
Osteoporosis Tx: __ __ exercise
weight bearing exercise
Osteoporosis Tx: 3 supplements
calcium vit d, bisphosphonates, vit c
Primary Problems in Metabolic Bone Disease: Nis
Nutritional status
Injury
Strength
