344 Chap 15 16 Flashcards
neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and complement proteins are all part of
innate immunity
Antibodies neutralize microbes and microbial
toxins
Viruses are handled by which branch of adaptive immunity
cell-mediated
Both innate and adaptive immunity use phagocytosis and the ___ system
complement system
The precursor cell for monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells
myeloid
The precursor cell for natural killer cells, lymphocytes
Lymphoid
Although their primary role is phagocytosis, macrophages also function as
APCs
Cell that acts as a general scavenger cleaning up debris
Macrophages
For HIV patients, a decline in ___ helper t-cells is used to track the progression of the disease
CD4
Lymph nodes (1) ___ foreign material and (2) are sites of immune cell ___
filter, proliferation
refers to the ability of a cytokine to act on different cell types
Pleiotropism
refers to the ability of different cytokines to stimulate the same or overlapping biological functions
redundancy
cytokines can exert their effects locally and
systemically
Chemokines are cytokines that stimulate the ___ and ___ of immune cells
migration and activation
cytokines that stimulate production of large numbers of platelets, RBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils etc
Colony-stimulating factors
The skin has antibacterial proteins and the enzyme ___ that inhibits microbes
lysozyme
In the stomach and intestine, the secretion of ____ kills bacteria by disrupting their membrane
defensins
The MLB receptor is used to ___ pathogens
identify
the coating of microbes is called
opsonization
Cytokines have various functions such as: producing ch_____ for leukocytes, stimulating acute-phase protein production, inhibiting ___ replication, and affecting ___ of immune cells
chemotaxis, virus, development
type 1 interferon interacts with receptors on neighboring cells to stimulate the translation of an antiviral protein that protects ___ cells
unaffected cells
the acute phase response involves a shift in the proteins synthesized by the liver into the
Plasma
substance that elicits adaptive immune response
antigen
Although their main role is phagocytosis, macrophages also function as __ __ cells
antigen-presenting cells