409 6 Flashcards
a common thing people drink that can cause sz
caffeine
A generalized seizure is also called a
tonic-clonic seizure
Breathing during a tonic-clonic sz
Breathing may stop during the tonic phase and become irregular during the clonic phase
___ seizures consist of brief jerking or stiffening of the extremities, which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Myoclonic
Atonic or akinetic seizures are characterized by
a few seconds in which muscle tone is lost
If the pt has a sz, what kind of disease should you test for
HIV
2 kinds of meds you shouldn’t take with phenytoin
O.C.s and blood thinners
2 types of surgical interventions for sz
VNS and removal of brain tissue
VNS: This procedure is performed under
general anesthesia
Sz: surgical removal of brain tissue is performed with the client
awake
PD: Teach the client ___ muscle strengthening exercises
facial
PD: why do you weigh them weekly
difficulty swallowing
The main point of using sinemet instead of levadopa
requires smaller dose, therefore reduces side effects
bromocriptine
DA agonist
benztropine is an anticholinergic, so monitor for
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, acute confusion
entacapone
COMT inhibitor
COMT inhibitors can be used with
DA agonists
COMT inhibitor: normal finding
dark urine
Stereotactic pallidotomy
surgical tx for PD where they make a lesion in the brain
Deep brain stimulation
surgical tx for PD
3 of the risk factors for AD
female
head injury
apoli E (genetic thing)
AD dx test
There is no definitive diagnostic procedure, except brain tissue examination upon death (although tests are done to r/o other things)
AD: Stimulate the client’s memory by repeating
the client’s last statement
Most medications for clients who have dementia attempt to target
behavioral and emotional problems
Estrogen therapy for women may
prevent AD, but it is not useful in decreasing the effects of pre-existing dementia
a disease of the upper and lower motor neurons
ALS
MS follows several possible courses. The most common is
relapsing and remitting
MS dx test that reveals plaques of the brain and spine
MRI
MS: to treat diplopia
Apply alternating eye patches
MS: _____ agents are used to reduce the frequency of relapses
Immunosuppressive
MS: type of medication used to reduce inflammation in acute exacerbations
steroids
MS: Antispasmodics are used to treat muscle spasticity: What should you report to the doctor
Report increased weakness and jaundice
MS: Anticonvulsants are used for
paresthesia
ALS: ____ function is not usually affected
Cognitive
Med that can slow the deterioration in ALS
Riluzole
ALS: Riluzole must be taken
early in the disease
ALS: Riluzole will add approximately ____ months of life to the client’s overall lifespan.
2 to 3
Riluzole: store it
in the dark
MG: what’s up with muscle strength
decreases with activity and improves with rest
one of the MG causes: coexisting
autoimmune disorder (i.e. lupus)
MG: Frequently associated with hyperplasia of the
thymus
MG: something to do with women that causes exacerbation
pregnancy
Tensilon testing is for what disease
MG
Tensilon testing: have the antidote ready, which is
atropine
Dx test that shows the neuromuscular transmission characteristics of MG.
Electromyography
MG medication and food rule
Provide small, frequent, high-calorie meals and schedule at times when medication is peaking.
Which disease: Apply a lubricating eye drop during the day and ointment at night if the client is unable to completely close his eyes
MG
MG: if the pt taking Anticholinesterase has weakness
discuss change in administration times with
the provider.
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) and neostigmine (Prostigmin) are used to
increase muscle strength for MG pts
MG Surgical Intervention: removal of the
thymus
