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409 2 Flashcards

1
Q

MS

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by development of plaque in the white matter of the central nervous system

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2
Q

plaque damages the myelin sheath and interferes with impulse transmission between the CNS and the body

A

MS

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3
Q

MS plaque damages the myelin sheath which

A

interferes with impulse transmission between the CNS and the body

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4
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibody-mediated loss of ach receptors, interfering with communication between neurons and muscles

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5
Q

MS: The disease is marked by

A

relapses and remissions

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6
Q

MS: Overtime, the client may eventually progress to the point of

A

quadriplegia

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7
Q

MS: In most cases, life expectancy is

A

not affected by this disease

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8
Q

Fatigue – especially of the lower extremities

A

MS

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9
Q

Diplopia, changes in peripheral vision, decreased visual acuity

A

MS

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10
Q

MS dx tests

A

CSF test

MRI (shows plaques in the brain)

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11
Q

MS: to decrease the risk of developing a urinary tract infection, encourage

A

increased fluid intake

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12
Q

MS: Facilitate effective communication (dysarthria) using a

A

communication board

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13
Q

MS: to treat diplopia

A

Apply alternating eye patches

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14
Q

MS: ______ agents are used to reduce the frequency of relapses.

A

Immunosuppressive

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15
Q

Intrathecal _____ can be used for severe cases of MS.

A

Intrathecal baclofen

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16
Q

___ ___ is suggested for family members of clients who have ALS.

A

Genetic counseling

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17
Q

ALS: labs show increased levels of

A

CKBB

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18
Q

ALS: _____ can be caused by respiratory muscle weakness and paralysis contributing to ineffective airway exchange

A

Pneumonia

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19
Q

MG: Muscle weakness improves with

A

rest and worsens with activity

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20
Q

MG: Frequently associated with hyperplasia of the

A

thymus

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21
Q

Drooping eyelids – unilateral or bilateral

A

MG

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22
Q

Baseline assessment of the cranial muscle strength is done

A

MG

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23
Q

MG feeding consideration

A

Provide small, frequent, high-calorie meals and schedule at times when medication is peaking.

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24
Q

The MG client may need _______ at night to prevent damage to the cornea.

A

tape his eyes shut

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25
Q

Undermedication in MG is aka

A

Myasthenic crisis

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26
Q

Overmedication in MG is aka

A

Cholinergic crisis

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27
Q

Undermedication in MG: BP

A

htn

28
Q

Overmedication in MG: BP

A

hypotensive

29
Q

Parkinson’s involves degeneration of the

A

dopamine-producing neurons

30
Q

Parkinson’s: tremor is prominent at rest and aggravated by

A

emotional stress

31
Q

Levodopa overdose can cause

A

freezing (akinesia)

32
Q

Ultimate confirmation of PD is

A

a positive response to anitparkinsonian drugs

33
Q

Neupro

A

a patch that treats Parkinson’s

34
Q

Neupro can be used with

A

levodopa-carbidopa

35
Q

DBS (deep brain stimulation) can be adjusted to

A

control symptoms better and is reversible

36
Q

A chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by disseminated de-myelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord.

A

MS

37
Q

autoimmune process that sometimes is triggered by a virus

A

MS

38
Q

MS: Without myelin, the nerve impulses

A

slow down

39
Q

Lhermitte’s Phenomenon

A

in MS, feels like electricity shooting down the spine

40
Q

MS: Death usually occurs due to

A

infection

41
Q

MS: common mental comorbidity

A

depression

42
Q

MS: DMT should be discontinued prior to

A

a women getting pregnant

43
Q

The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness that

A

increases with fatigue

44
Q

A hallmark of __ is muscle weakness that increases with fatigue

A

MG

45
Q

The left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for _____, _____, _____

A

language, math, analyzing

46
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Expressive and receptive aphasia

A

left

47
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Agnosia

A

left

48
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Alexia (can’t read)

A

left

49
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Agraphia (can’t write)

A

left

50
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Altered perception of deficits (overestimation of abilities)

A

right

51
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Loss of depth perception

A

right

52
Q

Symptoms consistent with a ___ hemispheric stroke include: Poor impulse control and judgment

A

right

53
Q

hemorrhage stroke: A lumbar puncture is used to assess for the presence of

A

blood in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

54
Q

Stroke: Monitor the client’s vital signs every

A

l to 2 hr

55
Q

Stroke: Notify the provider immediately if the client’s blood pressure exceeds

A

180/110

56
Q

Stroke: Provide oxygen therapy to maintain the client’s oxygen saturation level greater than

A

92%

57
Q

Stroke: even if POX is above 92%, you should give O2 if

A

LOC is decreased

58
Q

Stroke: Elevate the client’s head of the bed approximately

A

30 degrees

59
Q

Dysphagia: Have the client eat in an upright position and swallow with the head and neck

A

flexed slightly forward

60
Q

Stroke: An ___ glove can be placed on the affected hand if swelling is severe

A

elastic

61
Q

Stroke: Use of anticoagulants is

A

controversial and not recommended due to the high risk of brain bleeding.

62
Q

Low-dose ____ is given within 24 to 48 hr following a stroke to prevent further clot formation.

A

aspirin

63
Q

Stroke: besides aspirin, other antiplatelets, such as clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

aren’t used

64
Q

Stroke: phenytoin and gabapentin

A

not commonly given following a stroke unless the client develops seizures.

65
Q

Stroke: _____ can be given for paresthetic pain in an affected extremity.

A

Gabapentin

66
Q

Possibility of a _____ ____ is ruled out with an MRI prior to the initiation of thrombolytic therapy

A

hemorrhagic stroke

67
Q

Stroke: Instruct the client to dress the ____ side first.

A

affected

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