Medsurg final 6 Flashcards
Beta cell destruction leading to zero insulin
type 1 DM
Onset time of DM 1
sudden
Symptoms of DM 2, but not 1
infections
blurred vision
fatigue
impotence
Management of DM 1: counting
carbs
DM 1 and 2, which one definitely needs insulin right off the bat
1
4 general steps of DM 2 tx
Diet, exercise
Oral Agents
Oral and insulin
Insulin
Prediabetes: Blood glucose levels when fasting are
100 to 125 mg/dL
Prediabetes: HbA1C of
5.7% to 6.4%
DKA tx: Slow IV infusion by IV pump of ___ ___
regular insulin
DKA tx: Careful replacement of _____ based on lab data
potassium
DKA tx: Usually with isotonic IV fluids, ___, until stabilized
NS
DKA tx: too rapid infusion of insulin to lower serum glucose can lead to ___ ___
cerebral edema
Eye findings of DM2: ___ and ___
retinopathy and cataracts
DM2 finding: Hair loss on extremities, indicating
poor perfusion
DM2 finding: peripheral pulses
weak or absent
DM2 finding: nails
thick (everyone at the VA)
Diabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of
end-stage renal failure
DM2 finding: Nighttime
diarrhea
DM2 finding: Female:
vaginal dryness
DM2 finding: Psychosocial
Depression
DM1: Psychosocial issue for women
Increased risk of developing anorexia and bulimia
DM: Overall goal is to make healthy nutritional choices
and eat a ___ diet
varied
DM diet: foods high in ___ carbs
complex carbs
DM diet: ____ beverages can be included in diet with
proper planning
Alcoholic
managing sick days: Monitor ____ more frequently.
glucose
Exercise after
mealtime
may be needed before or during exercise
A snack
If you’re not sure if the client is hyper or hypo glycemic, treat them for
hypo
soaking feet
is to be avoided
Feet may be moisturized with a lanolin product, but not
between the toes
Corns and calluses should be removed by
a professional.
lispro onset
30 min to an hour
lispro peak
2 to 4 hour
Aspart onset
5 to 15 min
Aspart pear
around an hour
Humulin R onset
30 to 60 min
Humulin R peak
2 to 3 hours
NPH onset
1 to 2 hour
NPH peak
6 to 12 hour
Glargine onset
4 to 8 hour
Glargine peak
14 to 20
Nursing implications: Lispro and aspart
Give within 15 min or a meal
Nursing implications: Glargine
the solution is clear, but you can tell it’s not regular insulin based on the bottle
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: tremors
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: headache
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: sweating
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: nausea
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: anxiety
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: tingling at the mouth
hypo
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: Poly, poly, poly
hyper
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: blurred vision
hyper
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: weakness
hyper
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia: syncope
hyper
Hyperglycemia tx: encourage
water intake
Hyperglycemia tx: assess for
ketoacidosis
