HESI Sensory system Flashcards
There are exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors respond to stimuli in
muscles joints tendons
the type of receptor that detects tissue damage
nociceptors
___ respond to physical force such as pressure
mechanoreceptors
____ respond to dissolved chemicals during sensations of taste and smell and to changes in the internal things like variation in O2 in the blood
chemoreceptors
____ ___ are receptors with free nerve endings that detect surface pressure
Merkel discs
___ ___ __ are receptors with free nerve endings that surround hair follicles and detect hair movement
root hair plexus
___ __ ___ are receptors with encapsulated nerve endings located in the dermal papillae of the skin and detect surface pressure
corpuscles of touch
___ ___ are encapsulated nerve receptors that detect deep pressure and are located in the subcutaneous layer
pacinian corpuscles
Fancy word for eyelids
palpebrae
Contraction of the ___ ___ __ raises the upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superiouris
___ glands produce secretions that prevent the eyelids from sticking
tarsal
The ____ is a mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelid and the white of the eye
conjunctiva
The ____ ___ produces and drains tears
lacrimal apparatus
6 eye muscles
Limsis
Lateral inferior rectus medial superior inferior oblique superior oblique
The fibrous tunic consists of avascular tissue called the
sclera
The forward 1/6th of the sclera is the
cornea
The vascular tunic consists of the
ICC
Iris
Ciliary bodies
Choroid
the colored portion of the eye
iris
The circular opening in the iris, the
pupil
The ciliary bodies that extend from the ciliary body secrete ____ ___
aqueous humor
The fluid that fills the FORWARD chamber of the eye
aqueous humor
The lens is held in place by the ____ ____
suspensory ligament
The ____ is dark brown, absorbing light and reduces reflection
choroid
The nervous tunic is aka the
retina
the retina stores vitamin __ which is used by photoreceptors
A
2 kinds of photoreceptors in the retina
rods and cones
photoreceptors that respond to bright light and color
cones
photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light (we use them in dim light)
rods
The ___ ___ contains only cones
fovea centralis
the clearest vision is at the ___ ___
fovea centralis
The the blind is the ___ __
optic disc
nutrients are supplied to the lens and cornea by the ____ ___
aqueous humor
each visual photopigment has 2 parts-
retinal and opsin (opsin is a little different in each kind of photopigment)
There are __ kinds of photopigments, each of which absorbs a different kind of light
4 (3 kinds for cones, 1 kind for rods)
there are 3 kinds of cones- ___ ___ ___
red green blue
There is only 1 kind of rod, it has the photopigment
rhodopsin
When a photopigment absorbs light, ___ changes shape, causing is to separate from opsin
retinal
Unlike most neurons, photoreceptors continually ___ ___ when resting
secrete neurotransmitter
When a photoreceptor is stimulated, instead of getting depolarized, it gets ____ which stops the normal flow of neurotransmitter and starts a graded potential
hyperpolarized
When light passes from one substance to another, the rays bend aka ___
refract
when you have to go a little cross eyed to look at something right in front of your nose its called ___ ___
eyeball convergence
Before entering the brain, axons representing the medial portions of the visual fields of each eye cross over at the ___ ___. after crossing over, the axons enter the
optic chiasma
thalamus
processed visual stimuli are then carried to the ___ lobes
occipital lobes
Because of the partial cross over at the optic chiasma, the ____ portion of the visual field is received by the hemisphere on the same side, but the ___ portion is received by the hemisphere on the opposite side
lateral
medial
The outer (external) ear has the ____ (aka ___) which is a flap of elastic cartilage that sticks out of the head
pinnae aka auricle
Besides the auricle, the outer ear also has the ___, which is the external auditory canal
meatus
The meatus is lined with ____ glands that secrete ____
ceruminous glands
cerumen
The 3 bones in the middle ear are the ossicles, specifically the ___ ___ and ___
malleus
incus
stapes
The ossicle that connects to the tympanic membrane
malleus
the stapes attached with ligaments to the ___ ___
oval window
the inner ear is also called the ___. its a system of double-walled canals
labyrinth
scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain
perilymph
the cochlear duct contains
endolymph
The labyrinth is made of 3 __-___ ___ and a snail shaped ___
semi-circular canals
cochlea
The interior of the cochlea is divided into 3 regions called
scalas
The __ __ __ contains numerous hair cells
organ of corti
In the organ of corti, the bases of the hair cells are attached to the ___ membrane, while hairlike microvilli called ___ project upward into an overlying gel, the ___ ___
basilar
stereocilia
tectorial membrane
The ___ are receptors for vibrations that are produced when the underlying basal membrane moves relative to the overlying tectorial membrane
stereocilia
process of hearing, vibrations of the eardrum are amplified and transferred by the auditory ossicles of the oval window. Vibrations on the ___ ___ produce pressure waves in the ___ scalas. These vibrations are transferred to the ____ membrane
oval window
perilymph
basilar membrane
process of hearing, Vibrations of the basilar membrane move the hair cells of the ___ __ __. The stereocilia of the hair cells bend when they move against the __ ____. The bending creates a graded potential in the hair cell, which releases ___q
organ of corti
tectorial membrane
neurotransmitter
process of hearing, Cell bodies of the cochlear nerve assemble in the spiral ganglia, and its axons merge with the ______ nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
The ____ lies between the semicircular canals and the cochlea
vestibule
The vestibule contains 2 bulb like sacs, the ___ and the __
saccule and utricle
The saccule and the utricle have receptors that help maintain ___
equilibrium
___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to linear movements like walking
static
___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to rotational movement like rocking
dynamic
The sense of taste occurs in the ___ __
taste buds
Located primarily in the tongue, the taste buds reside in ___, the bumps on the tongue
papillae
The taste bud is made of supporting cells, basal cells, and gustatory cells arranged in the shape of a ___, with an opening called a ___ __
glove
taste pore
the pupil ___ when near objects are sighted
constricts
the organ of corti is in which scala
cochlear duct
receptor that collects info concerning body position
proprioreceptors
controls amount of light passing through the pupil
iris
changes the shape of the lens
cilliary body
secretes aqueous humor
cillary body
are there more rods or cones?
rods
rods and cones connect to
bipolar cells
the bipolar cells then attach to
ganglionic cells
before entering the brain, axons representing medial portions of the visual fields cross over at the ____ ___
optic chiasma
After the cross over, the axons enter the ____
thalamus
when a near object is sighted, the pupil
constricts
when a near object is sighted, the size of the lens
increases
