HESI Sensory system

Question 1

There are exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors respond to stimuli in

Answer 1

muscles joints tendons

Question 2

the type of receptor that detects tissue damage

Answer 2

nociceptors

Question 3

___ respond to physical force such as pressure

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors

Question 4

____ respond to dissolved chemicals during sensations of taste and smell and to changes in the internal things like variation in O2 in the blood

Answer 4

chemoreceptors

Question 5

____ ___ are receptors with free nerve endings that detect surface pressure

Answer 5

Merkel discs

Question 6

___ ___ __ are receptors with free nerve endings that surround hair follicles and detect hair movement

Answer 6

root hair plexus

Question 7

___ __ ___ are receptors with encapsulated nerve endings located in the dermal papillae of the skin and detect surface pressure

Answer 7

corpuscles of touch

Question 8

___ ___ are encapsulated nerve receptors that detect deep pressure and are located in the subcutaneous layer

Answer 8

pacinian corpuscles

Question 9

Fancy word for eyelids

Answer 9

palpebrae

Question 10

Contraction of the ___ ___ __ raises the upper eyelid

Answer 10

levator palpebrae superiouris

Question 11

___ glands produce secretions that prevent the eyelids from sticking

Answer 11

tarsal

Question 12

The ____ is a mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelid and the white of the eye

Answer 12

conjunctiva

Question 13

The ____ ___ produces and drains tears

Answer 13

lacrimal apparatus

Question 14

6 eye muscles

Limsis

Answer 14

Lateral 
inferior rectus 
medial
superior
inferior oblique
superior oblique

Question 15

The fibrous tunic consists of avascular tissue called the

Answer 15

sclera

Question 16

The forward 1/6th of the sclera is the

Answer 16

cornea

Question 17

The vascular tunic consists of the

ICC

Answer 17

Iris
Ciliary bodies
Choroid

Question 18

the colored portion of the eye

Answer 18

iris

Question 19

The circular opening in the iris, the

Answer 19

pupil

Question 20

The ciliary bodies that extend from the ciliary body secrete ____ ___

Answer 20

aqueous humor

Question 21

The fluid that fills the FORWARD chamber of the eye

Answer 21

aqueous humor

Question 22

The lens is held in place by the ____ ____

Answer 22

suspensory ligament

Question 23

The ____ is dark brown, absorbing light and reduces reflection

Answer 23

choroid

Question 24

The nervous tunic is aka the

Answer 24

retina

Question 25

the retina stores vitamin __ which is used by photoreceptors

Answer 25

A

Question 26

2 kinds of photoreceptors in the retina

Answer 26

rods and cones

Question 27

photoreceptors that respond to bright light and color

Answer 27

cones

Question 28

photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light (we use them in dim light)

Answer 28

rods

Question 29

The ___ ___ contains only cones

Answer 29

fovea centralis

Question 30

the clearest vision is at the ___ ___

Answer 30

fovea centralis

Question 31

The the blind is the ___ __

Answer 31

optic disc

Question 32

nutrients are supplied to the lens and cornea by the ____ ___

Answer 32

aqueous humor

Question 33

each visual photopigment has 2 parts-

Answer 33

retinal and opsin (opsin is a little different in each kind of photopigment)

Question 34

There are __ kinds of photopigments, each of which absorbs a different kind of light

Answer 34

4 (3 kinds for cones, 1 kind for rods)

Question 35

there are 3 kinds of cones- ___ ___ ___

Answer 35

red green blue

Question 36

There is only 1 kind of rod, it has the photopigment

Answer 36

rhodopsin

Question 37

When a photopigment absorbs light, ___ changes shape, causing is to separate from opsin

Answer 37

retinal

Question 38

Unlike most neurons, photoreceptors continually ___ ___ when resting

Answer 38

secrete neurotransmitter

Question 39

When a photoreceptor is stimulated, instead of getting depolarized, it gets ____ which stops the normal flow of neurotransmitter and starts a graded potential

Answer 39

hyperpolarized

Question 40

When light passes from one substance to another, the rays bend aka ___

Answer 40

refract

Question 41

when you have to go a little cross eyed to look at something right in front of your nose its called ___ ___

Answer 41

eyeball convergence

Question 42

Before entering the brain, axons representing the medial portions of the visual fields of each eye cross over at the ___ ___. after crossing over, the axons enter the

Answer 42

optic chiasma | thalamus

Question 43

processed visual stimuli are then carried to the ___ lobes

Answer 43

occipital lobes

Question 44

Because of the partial cross over at the optic chiasma, the ____ portion of the visual field is received by the hemisphere on the same side, but the ___ portion is received by the hemisphere on the opposite side

Answer 44

lateral | medial

Question 45

The outer (external) ear has the ____ (aka ___) which is a flap of elastic cartilage that sticks out of the head

Answer 45

pinnae aka auricle

Question 46

Besides the auricle, the outer ear also has the ___, which is the external auditory canal

Answer 46

meatus

Question 47

The meatus is lined with ____ glands that secrete ____

Answer 47

ceruminous glands | cerumen

Question 48

The 3 bones in the middle ear are the ossicles, specifically the ___ ___ and ___

Answer 48

malleus incus stapes

Question 49

The ossicle that connects to the tympanic membrane

Answer 49

malleus

Question 50

the stapes attached with ligaments to the ___ ___

Answer 50

oval window

Question 51

the inner ear is also called the ___. its a system of double-walled canals

Answer 51

labyrinth

Question 52

scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain

Answer 52

perilymph

Question 53

the cochlear duct contains

Answer 53

endolymph

Question 54

The labyrinth is made of 3 __-___ ___ and a snail shaped ___

Answer 54

semi-circular canals | cochlea

Question 55

The interior of the cochlea is divided into 3 regions called

Answer 55

scalas

Question 56

The __ __ __ contains numerous hair cells

Answer 56

organ of corti

Question 57

In the organ of corti, the bases of the hair cells are attached to the ___ membrane, while hairlike microvilli called ___ project upward into an overlying gel, the ___ ___

Answer 57

basilar stereocilia tectorial membrane

Question 58

The ___ are receptors for vibrations that are produced when the underlying basal membrane moves relative to the overlying tectorial membrane

Answer 58

stereocilia

Question 59

process of hearing, vibrations of the eardrum are amplified and transferred by the auditory ossicles of the oval window. Vibrations on the ___ ___ produce pressure waves in the ___ scalas. These vibrations are transferred to the ____ membrane

Answer 59

oval window perilymph basilar membrane

Question 60

process of hearing, Vibrations of the basilar membrane move the hair cells of the ___ __ __. The stereocilia of the hair cells bend when they move against the __ ____. The bending creates a graded potential in the hair cell, which releases ___q

Answer 60

organ of corti tectorial membrane neurotransmitter

Question 61

process of hearing, Cell bodies of the cochlear nerve assemble in the spiral ganglia, and its axons merge with the ______ nerve

Answer 61

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 62

The ____ lies between the semicircular canals and the cochlea

Answer 62

vestibule

Question 63

The vestibule contains 2 bulb like sacs, the ___ and the __

Answer 63

saccule and utricle

Question 64

The saccule and the utricle have receptors that help maintain ___

Answer 64

equilibrium

Question 65

___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to linear movements like walking

Answer 65

static

Question 66

___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to rotational movement like rocking

Answer 66

dynamic

Question 67

The sense of taste occurs in the ___ __

Answer 67

taste buds

Question 68

Located primarily in the tongue, the taste buds reside in ___, the bumps on the tongue

Answer 68

papillae

Question 69

The taste bud is made of supporting cells, basal cells, and gustatory cells arranged in the shape of a ___, with an opening called a ___ __

Answer 69

glove | taste pore

Question 70

the pupil ___ when near objects are sighted

Answer 70

constricts

Question 71

the organ of corti is in which scala

Answer 71

cochlear duct

Question 72

receptor that collects info concerning body position

Answer 72

proprioreceptors

Question 73

controls amount of light passing through the pupil

Answer 73

iris

Question 74

changes the shape of the lens

Answer 74

cilliary body

Question 75

secretes aqueous humor

Answer 75

cillary body

Question 76

are there more rods or cones?

Answer 76

rods

Question 77

rods and cones connect to

Answer 77

bipolar cells

Question 78

the bipolar cells then attach to

Answer 78

ganglionic cells

Question 79

before entering the brain, axons representing medial portions of the visual fields cross over at the ____ ___

Answer 79

optic chiasma

Question 80

After the cross over, the axons enter the ____

Answer 80

thalamus

Question 81

when a near object is sighted, the pupil

Answer 81

constricts

Question 82

when a near object is sighted, the size of the lens

Answer 82

increases