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aa Orgo > HESI Sensory system > Flashcards

HESI Sensory system Flashcards

1
Q

There are exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors respond to stimuli in

A

muscles joints tendons

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2
Q

the type of receptor that detects tissue damage

A

nociceptors

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3
Q

___ respond to physical force such as pressure

A

mechanoreceptors

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4
Q

____ respond to dissolved chemicals during sensations of taste and smell and to changes in the internal things like variation in O2 in the blood

A

chemoreceptors

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5
Q

____ ___ are receptors with free nerve endings that detect surface pressure

A

Merkel discs

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6
Q

___ ___ __ are receptors with free nerve endings that surround hair follicles and detect hair movement

A

root hair plexus

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7
Q

___ __ ___ are receptors with encapsulated nerve endings located in the dermal papillae of the skin and detect surface pressure

A

corpuscles of touch

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8
Q

___ ___ are encapsulated nerve receptors that detect deep pressure and are located in the subcutaneous layer

A

pacinian corpuscles

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9
Q

Fancy word for eyelids

A

palpebrae

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10
Q

Contraction of the ___ ___ __ raises the upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superiouris

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11
Q

___ glands produce secretions that prevent the eyelids from sticking

A

tarsal

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12
Q

The ____ is a mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelid and the white of the eye

A

conjunctiva

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13
Q

The ____ ___ produces and drains tears

A

lacrimal apparatus

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14
Q

6 eye muscles

Limsis

A 
Lateral 
inferior rectus 
medial
superior
inferior oblique
superior oblique
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15
Q

The fibrous tunic consists of avascular tissue called the

A

sclera

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16
Q

The forward 1/6th of the sclera is the

A

cornea

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17
Q

The vascular tunic consists of the

ICC

A

Iris
Ciliary bodies
Choroid

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18
Q

the colored portion of the eye

A

iris

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19
Q

The circular opening in the iris, the

A

pupil

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20
Q

The ciliary bodies that extend from the ciliary body secrete ____ ___

A

aqueous humor

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21
Q

The fluid that fills the FORWARD chamber of the eye

A

aqueous humor

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22
Q

The lens is held in place by the ____ ____

A

suspensory ligament

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23
Q

The ____ is dark brown, absorbing light and reduces reflection

A

choroid

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24
Q

The nervous tunic is aka the

A

retina

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25
Q

the retina stores vitamin __ which is used by photoreceptors

A

A

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26
Q

2 kinds of photoreceptors in the retina

A

rods and cones

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27
Q

photoreceptors that respond to bright light and color

A

cones

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28
Q

photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light (we use them in dim light)

A

rods

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29
Q

The ___ ___ contains only cones

A

fovea centralis

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30
Q

the clearest vision is at the ___ ___

A

fovea centralis

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31
Q

The the blind is the ___ __

A

optic disc

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32
Q

nutrients are supplied to the lens and cornea by the ____ ___

A

aqueous humor

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33
Q

each visual photopigment has 2 parts-

A

retinal and opsin (opsin is a little different in each kind of photopigment)

34
Q

There are __ kinds of photopigments, each of which absorbs a different kind of light

A

4 (3 kinds for cones, 1 kind for rods)

35
Q

there are 3 kinds of cones- ___ ___ ___

A

red green blue

36
Q

There is only 1 kind of rod, it has the photopigment

A

rhodopsin

37
Q

When a photopigment absorbs light, ___ changes shape, causing is to separate from opsin

A

retinal

38
Q

Unlike most neurons, photoreceptors continually ___ ___ when resting

A

secrete neurotransmitter

39
Q

When a photoreceptor is stimulated, instead of getting depolarized, it gets ____ which stops the normal flow of neurotransmitter and starts a graded potential

A

hyperpolarized

40
Q

When light passes from one substance to another, the rays bend aka ___

A

refract

41
Q

when you have to go a little cross eyed to look at something right in front of your nose its called ___ ___

A

eyeball convergence

42
Q

Before entering the brain, axons representing the medial portions of the visual fields of each eye cross over at the ___ ___. after crossing over, the axons enter the

A

optic chiasma

thalamus

43
Q

processed visual stimuli are then carried to the ___ lobes

A

occipital lobes

44
Q

Because of the partial cross over at the optic chiasma, the ____ portion of the visual field is received by the hemisphere on the same side, but the ___ portion is received by the hemisphere on the opposite side

A

lateral

medial

45
Q

The outer (external) ear has the ____ (aka ___) which is a flap of elastic cartilage that sticks out of the head

A

pinnae aka auricle

46
Q

Besides the auricle, the outer ear also has the ___, which is the external auditory canal

A

meatus

47
Q

The meatus is lined with ____ glands that secrete ____

A

ceruminous glands

cerumen

48
Q

The 3 bones in the middle ear are the ossicles, specifically the ___ ___ and ___

A

malleus
incus
stapes

49
Q

The ossicle that connects to the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

50
Q

the stapes attached with ligaments to the ___ ___

A

oval window

51
Q

the inner ear is also called the ___. its a system of double-walled canals

A

labyrinth

52
Q

scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain

A

perilymph

53
Q

the cochlear duct contains

A

endolymph

54
Q

The labyrinth is made of 3 __-___ ___ and a snail shaped ___

A

semi-circular canals

cochlea

55
Q

The interior of the cochlea is divided into 3 regions called

A

scalas

56
Q

The __ __ __ contains numerous hair cells

A

organ of corti

57
Q

In the organ of corti, the bases of the hair cells are attached to the ___ membrane, while hairlike microvilli called ___ project upward into an overlying gel, the ___ ___

A

basilar
stereocilia
tectorial membrane

58
Q

The ___ are receptors for vibrations that are produced when the underlying basal membrane moves relative to the overlying tectorial membrane

A

stereocilia

59
Q

process of hearing, vibrations of the eardrum are amplified and transferred by the auditory ossicles of the oval window. Vibrations on the ___ ___ produce pressure waves in the ___ scalas. These vibrations are transferred to the ____ membrane

A

oval window
perilymph
basilar membrane

60
Q

process of hearing, Vibrations of the basilar membrane move the hair cells of the ___ __ __. The stereocilia of the hair cells bend when they move against the __ ____. The bending creates a graded potential in the hair cell, which releases ___q

A

organ of corti
tectorial membrane
neurotransmitter

61
Q

process of hearing, Cell bodies of the cochlear nerve assemble in the spiral ganglia, and its axons merge with the ______ nerve

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

62
Q

The ____ lies between the semicircular canals and the cochlea

A

vestibule

63
Q

The vestibule contains 2 bulb like sacs, the ___ and the __

A

saccule and utricle

64
Q

The saccule and the utricle have receptors that help maintain ___

A

equilibrium

65
Q

___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to linear movements like walking

A

static

66
Q

___ equilibrium maintains the position of the head in response to rotational movement like rocking

A

dynamic

67
Q

The sense of taste occurs in the ___ __

A

taste buds

68
Q

Located primarily in the tongue, the taste buds reside in ___, the bumps on the tongue

A

papillae

69
Q

The taste bud is made of supporting cells, basal cells, and gustatory cells arranged in the shape of a ___, with an opening called a ___ __

A

glove

taste pore

70
Q

the pupil ___ when near objects are sighted

A

constricts

71
Q

the organ of corti is in which scala

A

cochlear duct

72
Q

receptor that collects info concerning body position

A

proprioreceptors

73
Q

controls amount of light passing through the pupil

A

iris

74
Q

changes the shape of the lens

A

cilliary body

75
Q

secretes aqueous humor

A

cillary body

76
Q

are there more rods or cones?

A

rods

77
Q

rods and cones connect to

A

bipolar cells

78
Q

the bipolar cells then attach to

A

ganglionic cells

79
Q

before entering the brain, axons representing medial portions of the visual fields cross over at the ____ ___

A

optic chiasma

80
Q

After the cross over, the axons enter the ____

A

thalamus

81
Q

when a near object is sighted, the pupil

A

constricts

82
Q

when a near object is sighted, the size of the lens

A

increases

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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