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aa Orgo > Pharm Final 9 > Flashcards

Pharm Final 9 Flashcards

1
Q

3 CHF drugs

A

digoxin
digitoxin
milrinone

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2
Q

CHF

A

inadequate cardiac output to provide the O2 needed by the body

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3
Q

CHF symptoms

A
  • pulmonary edema and shortness of breath
  • decreased exercise tolerance with rapid muscle fatigue
  • peripheral edema
  • tachycardia
  • cardiac hypertrophy
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4
Q

Compensatory mechanisms during CHF include increased HR and increased

A

peripheral vascular resistance

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5
Q

Compensatory mechanism for CHF is activating the __

A

RAAS

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6
Q

The 2 main CHF drug categories

A

inonotrophic agents

non-ionotrophic agents

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7
Q

category of CHF drugs that increase contractility of heart muscle

A

ionotropic

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8
Q

category of CHF drugs that that includes digoxin

A

ionotropic

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9
Q

Why are B-blockers questionable as a CHF drug

A

they slow the HR, which seems like it might increase congestion. But, the idea is that the slower rate will ease that demand on the heart

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10
Q

digitalis glycosides include

A

digoxin and digitoxin

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11
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin

A 
increase cardiac contractility 
increase conduction velocity
decrease heart rate
decrease O2 needed by the heart
decrease peripheral resistance
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12
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: increase cardiac

A

contractility

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13
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: increase conduction

A

velocity

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14
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: decrease heart

A

rate

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15
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: decrease O2 needed by

A

the heart

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16
Q

pharmacologic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: decrease peripheral

A

resistance

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17
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin:

A 
cramping
bradycardia
premature ventricular contractions 
atrial fibrillation 
ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
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18
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: c___

A

cramping

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19
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: b___

A

bradycardia

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20
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: premature

A

premature ventricular contractions

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21
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: atrial

A

atrial fibrillation

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22
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: ventricular t___

A

ventricular tachycardia

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23
Q

toxic effects of digoxin and digitoxin: ventricular f___

A

ventricular fibrillation

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24
Q

treatment of digoxin and digitoxin toxicity:

A

stop the drug
give potassium
use lidocaine for antiarrhythmia
FAB (digoxin antibody)

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25
Q

treatment of digoxin and digitoxin toxicity: s__

A

stop the drug

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26
Q

treatment of digoxin and digitoxin toxicity: p___

A

potassium

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27
Q

treatment of digoxin and digitoxin toxicity: l___

A

lidocaine for antiarrhythmia

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28
Q

treatment of digoxin and digitoxin toxicity: F___

A

FAB (digoxin antibody)

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29
Q

Why is potassium used to treat digoxin toxicity

A

it completes for the same spots

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30
Q

clinical use of digoxin and digitoxin:

A

CHF

Used to treat supraventricular arrhythmia

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31
Q

clinical use of digoxin and digitoxin: C__

A

CHF

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32
Q

clinical use of digoxin and digitoxin: s____

A

used to treat supraventricular arrhythmia

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33
Q

for digoxin and digitoxin the NI (besides monitor vitals) is monitor

A

electrolyte levels

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34
Q

group of HTN drugs that works by reducing Na and reducing blood volume

A

diuretics

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35
Q

2 HTN drugs that interfere with SNS

A

lols (beta blockers) doxazosin (a blockers)

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36
Q

3 HTN drugs that vasodilate

A

hydralazine (vasodilator), verapamil, nifedipine (CCBs)

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37
Q

3 HTN drugs that target RAAS

A

pril (ACE inhibitor), sartan (A2 antagonist), aliskiren (renin inhibitor)

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38
Q

doxazosin

A

a blocker

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39
Q

a blocker

A

doxazosin

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40
Q

doxazosin (a blocker) works by

A

decreasing peripheral resistance

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41
Q

doxazosin (a blocker) works by decreasing

A

peripheral resistance

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42
Q

doxazosin (a blocker) is not used for

A

first line, unless they have benign prostatic hyperplasia

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43
Q

doxazosin (a blocker) is not used for first line, unless

A

they have benign prostatic hyperplasia

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44
Q

doxazosin (a blocker) side effects are d___ and n___ c___

A

dizziness and nasal congestion

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45
Q

b blocker

A

lol

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46
Q

lol

A

b blocker

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47
Q

b 1 causes (3 things)

A

increase HR
increase renin
increase contractility

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48
Q

BLOCKING b 1 causes (3 things)

A

decrease HR
decrease renin
decrease contractility

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49
Q

b 2 causes (2 things)

A

bronchodilation and vasodilation

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50
Q

BLOCKING b 2 causes (2 things)

A

blocks bronchodilation and blocks vasodilation (bad for asthmatics)

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51
Q

effects B1 and B2, but mostly B1

A

lol

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52
Q

lol side effects:

A

conduction problems
bronchospasm
cold extremities
prolong duration of hypoglycemia

53
Q

lol side effects: c___ p___

A

conduction problems

54
Q

lol side effects: b___

A

bronchospasm

55
Q

lol side effects: c___ e___

A

cold extremities

56
Q

lol side effects: prolong

A

duration of hypoglycemia

57
Q 
side effects:
conduction problems
bronchospasm
cold extremities 
prolong duration of hypoglycemia
A

lol

58
Q

abrupt lol withdraw can cause

A

unstable angina and MI

59
Q

pril

A

ACE inhibitor

60
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

pril

61
Q

prils work by inhibiting ACE which causes

A

decreased peripheral resistance

62
Q

prils inhibit ACE which blocks production of

A

A2

63
Q

in addition to blocking A2, prils (ACE inhibitors) retain

A

bradykinin

64
Q

in addition to blocking A2, and saving bradykinin, the prils

A

decrease aldosterone

65
Q

bradykinins decrease

A

BP

66
Q

the dose of prils (ACE inhibitors)

A

is only once or twice daily

67
Q

really common prils (ACE inhibitors) side effects

A

rash and cough

68
Q

rash and cough very common

A

prils (ACE inhibitors)

69
Q

rash and cough are common for prils (ACE inhibitors), but the more serious side effects are

A

hyperkalemia, renal failure, angioedema, and proteinuria

70
Q

prils (ACE inhibitors) are contraindicated

A

during pregnancy

71
Q

prils (ACE inhibitors) interact with

A

K-sparing diuretics and NSAIDs

72
Q

prils (ACE inhibitors) mixed with K-sparing diuretics can cause

A

dysrhythmia

73
Q

sartan

A

A2 antagonist

74
Q

A2 antagonist

A

sartan

75
Q

doesn’t give such a bad cough because it doesn’t effect bradykinin

A

sartan (A2 antagonist)

76
Q

useful for people who can’t tolerate ACE inhibitors (prils)

A

sartan (A2 antagonist)

77
Q

just as effective as ACE inhibitors (prils)

A

sartan (A2 antagonist)

78
Q

sartan (A2 antagonist) dose

A

once daily

79
Q

random sartan (A2 antagonist) side effects

A

tooth pain and alopecia

80
Q

aliskiren

A

renin inhibitor

81
Q

renin inhibitor

A

aliskiren

82
Q

not popular for HTN yet

A

aliskiren (renin inhibitor)

83
Q

aliskiren (renin inhibitor) contraindicated

A

during pregnancy

84
Q

aliskiren (renin inhibitor) most common side effects

A

diarrhea

85
Q

when aliskiren (renin inhibitor) are used with prils (ACE inhibitors) you can get

A

hyperkalemia

86
Q

the 2 CCBs

A

verapamil and nifedipine

87
Q

the major effect of verapamil is on the

A

heart

88
Q

the major effect of nifedipine is on the

A

smooth muscle

89
Q

verapamil is more useful for

A

decreasing HR and contractility

90
Q

nifedipine is more useful for

A

AV conduction abnormalities

91
Q

hydralizine

A

vasodilator

92
Q

vasodilator

A

hydralizine (vasodilator)

93
Q

between arteries and veins, hydralizine (vasodilator) effects

A

arteries

94
Q

hydralizine (vasodilator) are used in combination with

A

b-blockers and diuretics

95
Q

hydralizine (vasodilator) are only used when

A

HTN is really bad

96
Q

side effect of hydralizine (vasodilator)

A

reflex tachycardia

97
Q

4 diuretic prototypes

A

acetazolamine
furosemide
hydrochlorothiazide
spirono

98
Q

4 classes of diurects

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
loop
thiazide
K sparing

99
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors works at the

A

proximal tube

100
Q

thiazides work at the

A

distal tube

101
Q

k sparing work at the

A

distal and collecting tubes

102
Q

not effective diuretic, not used for HTN

A

acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

103
Q

acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) gets rid of

A

bicarbonate

104
Q

acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) retains

A

H+

105
Q

acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) uses

A

altitude sickness
glaucoma
alkalinize urine

106
Q

acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) side effects

A

metabolic acidosis

tingling extremities

107
Q

furosemide works by getting rid of these 4 electrolytes

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium

108
Q

furosemide prevents the reabsorption of water from the

A

collecting ducts

109
Q

diuretic that increases venous capacitance

A

furosemide

110
Q

diuretic that’s especially good for people with renal failure

A

furosemide

111
Q

diuretic used for:

PE, cirrhosis, renal disease

A

furosemide

112
Q

furosemide treats 3 “hypers”

A

hypertension, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia

113
Q

diuretic that causes ototoxity

A

furosemide

114
Q

long term use of furosemide can cause

A

hyperglycemia

115
Q

diuretic of choice for HTN

A

thiazide

116
Q

thiazide mechanism

A

block chloride pump and inhibits sodium

117
Q

diuretic used for PE and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

thiazide

118
Q

long term use of thiazide can cause

A

hyperglycemia

119
Q

hyperglycemia can happen from long term use of

A

furosemide and thiazide

120
Q

thiazide side effects

A

hyperuricemia (gout)

increased cholesterol

121
Q

thiazide contraindication

A

sulfur

122
Q

diuretic that’s an aldosterone antagonist

A

spirono

123
Q

not that best diuretic, but might use it for someone with K problems

A

spirono

124
Q

diuretic used to treat hyperaldosterone and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

spirono

125
Q

side effects hyperkalemia and gynecomastia

A

spirono

126
Q

spirono side effects

A

hyperkalemia and gynecomastia

127
Q

NI diuretics monitor for

A

anorexia (which can be caused by electrolyte imbalance)

128
Q

the 6 hemostasis drugs

A 
Heparin
Warfarin
Dabi
Clopi
Strepto
Vit K
129
Q

the 4 angina drugs

A

nitro
verapamil
nifedpine
lol

aa Orgo (196 decks)

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