med surg test 2 part 8 Flashcards
___ is the precursor to osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D in the diet stimulates the ____ hormone to be released and triggers calcium to be pulled from the bone
parathyroid
Secondary osteoporosis results from medical conditions including: h_____
Hyperparathyroidism.
Secondary osteoporosis results from medical conditions including: Long-term us of ___ meds or ___ meds
corticosteroid
anticonvulsant
osteoporosis testing: __ is used to measure bone density, especially in the vertebral column
QCT
osteoporosis testing: an ultrasound
pQUS
osteoporosis teaching: Instruct the client to avoid ___ weather
inclement (ice, slippery)
osteoporosis meds: Thyroid Hormone (calcitonin) decreases bone resorption by
inhibiting osteoclast activity
osteoporosis meds: A parathyroid hormone that stimulates osteoblasts
Teriparatide
Calcium Supplement: Give with food in ___ doses with 6 to 8 oz of water
divided
osteoporosis meds: Bisphosphonate decreases number and actions of
osteoclasts
osteoporosis meds: Bisphosphonates have a risk for ___ problems
esophagus problems
osteoporosis meds: Bisphosphonates, remain ___ for 30 min
upright
osteoporosis meds: Bisphosphonates, Take with 8 oz of water in the ___ before ___
in the morning before eating
Most hip fractures are due to ___
osteoporosis
thyroid hormone (calcitonin) is for prevention and ___ of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia
treatment
thyroid hormone (calcitonin) is administered
SQ
___ assessment is essential throughout immobilization
Neurovascular
in Moderate sedation a client does not lose consciousness, but induction of ___ and analgesia is still achieved.
amnesia
___ __ clients are more susceptible than any other population to anesthetic agents
Older adult
Anesthesia: If hypotension occurs as an adverse effect of medication or dehydration, __ the head of bed, administer a prescribed IV fluid bolus, and monitor
lower
1st sign of malignant hyperthermia
tachycardia
in addition to tachycardia, other signs of malignant hyperthermia are muscle ___, hypotension, skin ____
muscle rigidity, hypotension, skin mottling
a LATE sign of malignant hyperthermia is
elevated temp
in malignant hypertherm check for ___ in urine (myoglobinuria).
protein in urine (myoglobinuria).
what drug is given to treat malignant hyperthermia (it’s a muscle relaxant)
dantrolene
to treat malignant hyperthermia apply a ___ blanket
cooling blanket
to treat malignant hyperthermia give ___ IV 0.9% sodium chloride
iced
Anesthesia complications: nursing action: observe for __ taste
metallic taste
In Moderate sedation, the most important criteria is that the patient is still able to
maintain airway independently
nurse cannot leave a client who is under ___ sedation
moderate
allergy to eggs means you’re allergic to
propofol
if the client is able to only sign with an “X”, blind, deaf, or English is a second language, than
2 witnesses are required
Pre op teahcing, Demonstration and importance of ___, coughing, and deep breathing
splinting
avoid cigarette smoking for __ hr preoperatively
24
pts should stop taking aspirin for __ __ before an elective surgery to decrease the risk of bleeding.
1 week
eye drops for ___ may be taken prior to surgery or a procedure.
glaucoma
Prophylactic antibiotics are administered _ hr prior to surgical incision.
1
A client discharged home must demonstrate the ability to ___ and _____________
swallow and safely ambulate to the bathroom and wheelchair with assistanc
if the client has received
spinal anesthesia, do not
elevate legs higher than placement on a pillow
avoid placing a pillow under the knees or engaging the knee gatch of the bed, which can decease
venous return
positioning if hypotension or shock develops
lower head and elevate legs (venous return)
someone’s wound splits open, you put them in bed, what do you do with their legs
bend at knees
