405 3 Flashcards
Disease with decreased or missing clotting factor
Hemophilia
Hemophilia inheritance
Male child inherits gene from mother
Female child is a carrier of the disease
Hemophilia patients should be immunized against
Hep B
Hemophilia: 3 preventions of dental injuries
Use a soft tooth brush
Regular flossing
Prophyllactic factor administration
Hemophilia: avoid what OTC
aspirin
Hemophilia: avoid what activity
contact sports
Hemophilia: grooming
use electric razor
Hemophilia: blood drawing
apply firm pressure for 1 full minute, elevate extremity above heart
Hemophilia: what common medical procedure should you avoid
IM injection
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
increases factor VIII activity in hemophilia A
Desmopressin
If a Hemophilia patient has a mild injury they may be prescribed
Desmopressin
If a Hemophilia patient has a serious injury they may be prescribed
Replacement factors via IV or PICC line
Patient’s receive both treatments Desmopressin and missing/low factor based on
blood tests (factor assay)
subluxation
head of femur slips out of socket
subluxation is found in what condition
Congenital Dysplasia of Hip
Congenital Dysplasia of Hip is related to
fetal position in utero
Congenital Dysplasia of Hip: birth presentation was probably
breech
Ortolani’s Sign
Hip click
Barlow’s Sign
palpation of acetabulum (hip socket) slipping back & forth
Congenital Dysplasia of Hip: findings of the affected side
extra folds and shorter leg
Triple Diapering
hip dysplasia tx
hip dysplasia tx: ___ harness
Pavlik Harness
hip dysplasia tx: period ___ exams
radiology
hip dysplasia tx: wear the support structures for
23 hours a day
Talipes Equinovarus
Club Feet
Club Feet: occurrence
congenital
Club Feet: tx can include Manual manipulation using
short leg casts during early infancy
Club Feet: it may need to be treated with some kind of cast or brace; be sure to ___ child to promote normal G/D
stimulate
Scoliosis causes can be ___ or ___
idiopathic or congenital
Scoliosis: in cases where there’s a congenital cause, the specific cause might be ___ __ or ___ ___
spina bifida
cerebral palsy
Scoliosis: brace is worn how much?
18 hours a day
Neural Tubes Defects basic definition:
Failure of spinal cord and meninges to close
Neural Tubes Defects have several causes, one is: Maternal ___ ___ deficiency
folic acid
Neural Tubes Defects assessment: Alpha ____ level elevated 16-18 wks
fetoprotein
Neural Tubes Defects assessment: 2 high tech procedures
amniocentesis
sonogram
Neural Tubes Defects: to avoid trauma on the fetus, the delivery should be
cesarean
Neural Tubes Defects: below the affected area the body will be
paralyzed
Neural Tubes Defects: to prevent injury to the sac, position the baby
prone
Neural Tubes Defects: keep the sac moist with
NS
Neural Tubes Defects: dressing for the sac
sterile dressing with NS
Neural Tubes Defects: assess for ___ allergy
latex
Surgical Treatment of Neural tube defect: complications include
more nerve damage
hydrocephaly
infection
Neural Tubes Defects: paralysis may cause the need for __ of child patients (as opposed to infants)
catheterization
Hydrocephalus: the crying may be
high pitched
In addition to the short-term interventions/monitoring after a ventricular-peritoneal shunt, the long term interventions/monitoring also include
adjusting the shunt as the child grows
assessing for normal cognitive development
Cerebral Palsy definition
Static lesion of the brain causing physical and cognitive impairment
Cerebral Palsy causes:
Anoxia at birth
Infection
Drug exposure
trauma
Types of Cerebral Palsy: involuntary muscular movement – e.g. jerky movements
Spastic
Types of Cerebral Palsy: motor coordination problems
Ataxic
Types of Cerebral Palsy: slow writhing movement, sensory impairment (visual, hearing, speech & language)
Athetoid
Types of Cerebral Palsy: the 4th type
mixture of all the others
Cerebral Palsy: in a newborn the reflexes can be
hyper or hypo
Cerebral Palsy: in a newborn watch out for these 2 things
Seizure
Poor feeding
Cerebral Palsy: in an older infant (not newborn) or toddler the reflexes will be
primitive
Cerebral Palsy: in an older infant (not newborn) or toddler watch out for
drooling
delayed motor
delayed sensory
In Cerebral Palsy the presence of lesion is detected by __ or __
MRI or CT
Cerebral Palsy tx
early intervention and MULTI-disciplinary
Cerebral Palsy: feed slowly because there’s a risk for
aspiration
Cerebral Palsy: NDX having to do with movement
Altered comfort r/t spastic movements
Cerebral Palsy: Altered comfort r/t spastic movements: intervention: Administer
Muscle relaxants
Cerebral Palsy: Altered comfort r/t spastic movements: intervention: ___ exercises
ROM
Cerebral Palsy: Altered comfort r/t spastic movements: intervention: Avoid
stress and sudden movement
Cerebral Palsy: Altered comfort r/t spastic movements: intervention: Keep to
routine ADL
cause or causes of autism are
unknown
Autism has a strong ___ basis
genetic
Autism: Symptoms usually appear before
18 mos
The best people to assess for autism are
parents
3 complications of autism
Seizures
depression
anxiety
Autism behaviors: Rejects
close physical contact
Autism behaviors: Prolonged
staring at objects
Autism behaviors: In______
Inattentiveness
Autism behaviors: ___ ____ behaviors
Obsessive repetitive
Autism behaviors: R____ behaviors
Ritualistic
Autism behaviors: Lack of
empathy
Autism: Tx: seizure activity may be treated with
Anticonvulsants
Autism: Tx: if mental disorders develop as a complication, you may need to treat with
Antidepressants
Tranquilizers
Antipsychotics
Mental Retardation definition:
deficiency in intellectual functioning
IQ below 70/75
Preventive Measures against retardation: Prevention of pediatric infections, especially
meningitis
Preventive Measures against retardation: ___ vaccination
HIB (influenza B)
Preventive Measures against retardation: ___ to detect anomalies during pregnancy
amniocentesis
retardation finding: muscle tone
poor
retardation finding: newborn reflexes
floppy, hyperreflexia
