Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aa Orgo > HESI Respiratory > Flashcards

HESI Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

____ respiration is the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the body tissues.

A

External respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ ventilation is the process of breathing (inhaling and exhaling)

A

pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ ____, carried out by the cardiovascular system, is the process of distributing the oxygen throughout the body and collecting CO2 and returning it to the lungs

A

gas transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ respiration is the process of gas exchange between the blood, the interstitial fluids, and the cells.

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inside the cell, cellular respiration generates energy (ATP) using ____ and ____, and producing waste, CO2

A

O2 and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Air enters the nostrils, and passes into the ____ through passages called ____s

A

vestibule

meatuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The bony walls of the meatuses are called ____ and are formed by facial bones

A

concha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1st region of the pharynx, the ____ receives incoming air from the 2 internal nares. The 2 auditory tubes that equalize air pressure in the middle ear also enter here. The pharyngeal tonsil lies at the back of this area

A

the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2nd region of the pharynx, the ____ receives air from the nasopharynx and food from the oral cavity. The palatine and lingual tonsils are here

A

the oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3rd region of the pharynx, the ____ passes food to the esophagus and air to larynx

A

the laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ____ receives air from the laryngopharynx

A

the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the ____, the first piece of cartilage of the larynx, is a flexible flap that covers the glottis

A

the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the ____, is the upper region of the larynx

A

glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ____ cartilage protects the front of the larynx

A

thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ____ is the inner layer of the trachea.

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The mucosa contains ____ cells and ____ ____ epithelium

A

goblet cells

pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the ____ is a layer of areolar connective tissue the surrounds the mucosa

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ cartilage from 16 to 20 C-shaped rings that wrap around the submucosa

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ____ is the outermost layer of the trachea

A

adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the ____ ____ are 2 tubes that branch from the trachea to the lungs

A

primary bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

inside the lungs, each primary bronchus divides repeatedly into branches of smaller diameters forming ____ ____ and ____

A

secondary bronchi

bronchioles

22
Q

____ ____ are the final branches to the “bronchial tree”

A

alveolar ducts

23
Q

The ____ ____ consists of the alveolar and capillary walls. Gas exchange occurs across this membrane

A

the respiratory membrane

24
Q

In the respiratory membrane, Type 1 cells are ____ ____ cells that make up most of the alveolar walls.

A

squamous epithelial cells

25
Q

In the respiratory membrane, Type 2 cells are ____ ____ cells

A

cuboidal epithelial cells

26
Q

Type 2 cells secrete ____ ____ which reduces the surface tension of the moisture that covers the alveolar walls

A

pulmonary surfactant

27
Q

A reduction in surface tension allows ____ to diffuse more easily into the moisture

A

oxygen

28
Q

Alveolar ____ cells wander around the alveolar wall, removing debris and microorganisms

A

Alveolar macrophage cells

29
Q

A dense network of ____s surrounds each alveolus

A

capillaries

30
Q

Lung ____ is a measure of the ability of the lungs and thoracic cavity to expand

A

Lung compliance

31
Q

Lung capacity, ____ volume is the amount of air inspired during normal relaxed breathing

A

Tidal volume

32
Q

Lung capacity, ____ ____volume is the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

33
Q

Lung capacity, the ____ ____ volume is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

A

expiratory reserve volume

34
Q

Lung capacity, the ____ volume is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled

A

residual volume

35
Q

____ capacity is the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling

A

vital capacity

36
Q

____ capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired

A

inspiratory capacity

37
Q

the ____ ____ capacity is the maximum volume that can fill the lungs

A

total lung capacity

38
Q

____ ____ capacity is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

A

functional residual capacity

39
Q

Small amounts of CO2 are transported by plasma and RBCs, but the majority is transported in the plasma as ____ ____

A

bicarbonate ions

40
Q

3 respiratory centers exist in the brains that control breathing

A

medullary inspiratory center
pheumotaxic area
apneustic area

41
Q

The ____ ____ center is located in the medulla oblongata

A

the medullary inspiratory center

42
Q

The medullary inspiratory center stimulates contraction of the ____ muscles

A

inspiratory muscles

43
Q

The pheumotaxic area is located in what part of the brain

A

pons

44
Q

The pheumotaxic area ____s the inspiratory muscles

A

inhibits

45
Q

The apneustic area is located in the

A

pons

46
Q

The apneustic area stimulate the ____ muscles

A

inspiratory

47
Q

1st way that respiratory centers receive stimuli: ____ ____ monitor the chemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

Central chemoreceptors

48
Q

Central chemoreceptors stimulate the respiratory center to increase the inspiratory rate if it detects a change in ____ in the cerebrospinal fluid

A

change in pH

49
Q

2nd way that respiratory centers receive stimuli: ____ ____, located in the wall of the aortic arch and and carotid arteries, they monitor blood chemistry. An increase in pH or pCO2, or decrease in pO2 causes receptors to stimulate respiratory centers

A

peripheral chemoreceptors

50
Q

3rd way that respiratory centers receive stimuli: ____ receptors in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles are activated when the lungs expand to their physical limit. The receptors signal the respiratory center to discontinue stimulation of the muscles, allowing expiration to being.

A

Stretch receptors

51
Q

The response elicited by the stretch receptors is called the ____ ____

A

inflation reflex

aa Orgo (196 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions