hemato 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pacientes candidatos a tamizaje para anemia

A

INFANTES

GESTANTES

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2
Q

UNICA forma de adquirir anemia ferropriva

A

SANGRANDO

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3
Q

mejor metodo para clasificar ANEMIAS en general

A

FROTIS DE SANGRE PERIFERICA

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4
Q

patogenia de ANEMIA SIDEROBLASTICA

A

trastorno producido por defecto en la sintesis del GRUPO HEM

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5
Q

causas de ANEMIA SIDEROBLASTICA

A
  • HEREDITARIA = ligada al X
  • ADQUIRIDA = QT, RT o mielodisplasia
  • REVERSIBLE = (etanol, isoniazida, pirazinamida, cloranfenicol, mercurio)
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6
Q

datos patognomoniocos de ANEMIA SIDEROBLASTICA

A
  • sangre periferica = CUERPOS DE PAPPENHEIMER

* AMO = sideroblastos en anillo

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7
Q

tx anemia sideroblastica

A

VITAMINA B6 (PIRIDOXINA)

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8
Q

patogenia de ANEMIA PERNICIOSA

A

secrecion defectuosa de factor intrinseco

destruccion autoinmune de celulas parietales o remocion qx del estomago

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9
Q

caracterisitcas de ANEMIA MEGALOBLASTICA

A
  • VCM >100
  • NEUTROFILOS HIPERSEGMENTADOS
  • PLAQUETAS GRANDES
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10
Q

FR para anemia aplasica

A

EXPOSICION AL BENCENO

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11
Q

DX ANEMIA APLASICA

A

BIOPSIA MEDULA OSEA

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12
Q

TX ANEMIA APLASICA

A

1 trasplante de medula osea

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13
Q

linea celular que se resuelve mas TARDIAMENTE

A

TROMBOCITOPENIA

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14
Q

1 FR para anemia aplasica

A

ENFERMEDAD DE INJERTO CONTRA HOSPEDERO (>90%)

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15
Q

1 anemia hemolitica mas frecuente en el pais

A

ESFEROCITOSIS HEREDITARIA (anemia extravascular)

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16
Q

que tipo de anemia es la HEMOGLOBINURIA PAROXISTICA NOCTURNA

A

ANEMIA INTRAVASCULAR

  • aumento reticulositos
  • esquistocitos
  • aumento DHL
  • disminuye haptoblobina
17
Q

fisiopatologia de DREPANOCITOSIS

A

mutacion autosominca recesiva de gen de la CADENA BETA

se sustituye la VALINA por ACIDO GLUTAMICO

18
Q

clinica de DREPANOCITOSIS

A
  • Aumenta la predisposicion a infecciones severas
  • CRISIS DOLOROSAS
  • Inflamacion “mano-pie”
  • DACTILITIS
19
Q

Inmunizaciones indicadas en DREPANOCITOSIS

A
  • INFLUENZA
  • PENTAVALENTE
  • NEUMOCOCO
  • BCG
20
Q

TX INICIAL drepanocitosis

A

1 HIDRATACION + OXIGENO

21
Q

patogenia de AHA

A
  • infecciones (m. pneumoniae)

- enfermedades autoinmunes (AR, LES)

22
Q

clinica AHA

A
  • fatiga / disnea
  • escalofrios
  • plenitud abdominal
  • esplenomegalia
  • coluria
  • INSUFICIENCIA CARDIACA CONGESTIVA
23
Q

TX INICIAL AHA

A

1 prednisona o metilprednisolona

24
Q

tx quimioterapeutico para profilaxis contra INFILTRACION del SNC en LLA

A
  • METOTREXATO // CITARABINA
25
Q

CANTIDAD DE BLASTOS EN MEDULA OSEA PARA EL DX DE LMA

A

20%